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ISSA Strength & Conditioning > Chapter 5: Cardiorespiratory & Support Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiorespiratory & Support Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

Combination of cardiovascular system & respiratory system

  • Transports oxygen & nutrients to the cells
  • Remove waste (carbon dioxide) from the body
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2
Q

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A

Heart, bloodstream & blood vessels

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3
Q

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

A
  • Delivery of oxygen & nutrients
  • Removal of carbon dioxide & metabolic wastes
  • Transport hormones
  • Maintenance of body temperature
  • Prevents infection
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4
Q

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

A

Lungs & respiratory pathways

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5
Q

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

A

System that circulates blood & lymph through the body
- 2 parts:
1. Cardiovascular System- heart, blood, & blood vessels
2. Lymphatic System- lymph, lymphatic vessels, &
glands

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6
Q

ATRIUM

A

2 upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles
- Collection

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7
Q

VENTRICLE

A

One of 2 lower chambers of the heart, below the left & right atria
- Distribution

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8
Q

SYSTEMIC VEINS

A

Veins that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

- Deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

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9
Q

PULMONARY VEIN

A

One of the veins that transfer oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

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10
Q

FLOW OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART

A

Left Side:
- Receives oxygen rich blood from the lungs
- Send blood to the body to deliver oxygen
Right Side:
- Receives oxygen poor blood from the body
- Sends blood to the lungs to be oxygenated

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11
Q

VEIN

A

Tubes forming part of the blood circulation system

- Usually carries oxygen depleted blood toward the heart

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12
Q

AORTA

A

Main artery of body

- Supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

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13
Q

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart from the lower body
- Blood is oxygen-poor from distributing oxygen to cells throughout the body to support metabolism

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14
Q

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart from the head, arms, & upper body
- Blood is oxygen-poor from distributing oxygen to cells throughout the body to support metabolism

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15
Q

PULMONARY ARTERY

A

Artery carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation
- Also drops off metabolic waste products to be expelled

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16
Q

SINATRIAL NODE (SA NODE)

A

Small cluster of cells in the heart located in the right atrium
- Generates the electrical impulses responsible for the heartbeat, causing the heart to contract

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17
Q

CARDIAC CYCLE

A

One alternating contraction & relaxation of the heart during one heartbeat, from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

  • Contraction Phase= Systole
  • Relaxation Phase= Diastole
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18
Q

DIASTOLE

A
  • All heart muscle in relaxation
  • All heart valves closed
  • Blood returns to atria
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19
Q

ATRIAL SYSTOLE

A
  • Atria in contraction
  • AV Valves are open
  • Blood into ventricles
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20
Q

VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

A
  • Ventricles in contraction
  • Semilunar Valves are open
  • Blood passes to arteries
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21
Q

HEART RATE (HR)

A

Speed of the heartbeat

  • Measured by number of contractions (beats) in one minute (Beats Per Minute= BPM)
  • Changes are facilitated by Cardiac Center of the Medulla Oblongata
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22
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING HEART RATE

A

Change in nervous system response= changes in HR

  • Emotional state
  • Sleep & Circadian Rhythm
  • Age
  • Current body position (sitting v. standing)
  • Body composition
  • Body temperature
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23
Q

ARTERY

A

Muscular-walled tubes forming part of circulation system by which blood (mainly oxygenated) is sent from the heart to all parts of the body

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24
Q

VENULE

A

Very small vein

- Collects deoxygenated blood from capillaries

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25
PULSE
Rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through - Typically felt in wrists or neck, but can be found anywhere an artery is close to the surface of the skin & rests against something solid (bone, tendon, or ligament)
26
STROKE VOLUME
Amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction - Exercise strengthens the heart & increases stroke volume, so the heart doesn't need to beat as frequently to circulate blood (lower HR)
27
BLOOD PRESSURE
Pressure of the blood in the circulatory system; good measure for diagnosis because it's closely related to the force & rate of the heartbeat & diameter & elasticity of arterial walls - Normal= 120/80mmHg - High= 140/90mm/Hg
28
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
Pressure on walls of arteries during heart's contraction - Top/first number on BP reading - Normal= 120mmHg
29
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE
Pressure on walls of arteries during heart's relaxation - Bottom/second number on BP reading - Normal= 80mmHg
30
TYPES OF BLOOD CELLS
1. Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) - Carry oxygen from lungs to the body - Carry carbon dioxide from the body back to lungs 2. White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) - Fights bacteria, viruses, & foreign cells/organisms 3. Platelets (Thrombocytes) - Factor in blood clotting
31
PLASMA
Liquid portion of blood - Made of: water, protein, sugar & fat particles - Comprises about 55% of blood volume
32
LYMPH
Colorless fluid, containing leukocytes; created when blood plasma flows through capillary walls - Bathes the tissue & drains through the lymphatic system into the bloodstream
33
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Substance that fills the spaces between cells - Composed of: water, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, coenzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, salts, & cellular products
34
ROLES OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- Balance body fluids - Absorb fat-soluble nutrients - Defend against illness & disease
35
LYMPHOCYTE
Form of leukocyte with 1 round nucleus | - Occurs in the lymphatic system
36
MACROPHAGE
Large phagocytic cell, found in stationary form in tissues or as mobile white blood cell - Found especially at sites of infection
37
T-LYMPHOCYTES
Type of white blood cell, managed & matured in Thymus, that helps the immune system defend against disease & infection - Fights infected cells marked by B-Lymphocytes
38
B-LYMPHOCYTES
Type of white blood cells not processed by Thymus, work with T-Lymphocytes to fight infection - Responsible for producing antibodies & marking foreign cells for destruction by T-Lymphocytes
39
METABOLIC PROCESSES
Organic processes by which organisms obtain energy for life | - Respiratory system provides oxygen (essential)
40
INSPIRATION
Process of pulling oxygen through airways
41
EXHALATION
Process of pushing carbon dioxide out through airways
42
STRUCTURES OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Nose & nasal cavities - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Lungs
43
PULMONARY VENTILATION
Process of exchange of air between the lungs & ambient air; breathing - Air travels from outside the body, through nose/mouth, down through pharynx, past larynx to trachea, through trachea to left & right bronchi, & into left & right lungs
44
PHARYNX
Membrane-lined cavity behind the nose & mouth; throat | - Connects nose & mouth to the esophagus
45
TRACHEA
Large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from larynx to bronchial tubes; windpipe - Carries air to & from lungs
46
DIFFUSION
Passive movement of molecules/particles along a concentration gradient - From area of high concentration to area of low concentration
47
THORACIC CAVITY
Chest cavity, enclosed by ribs, vertebral column, & sternum | - Separated from abdominal cavity by the diaphragm
48
INTRA-ALVEOLAR PRESSURE
Pressure of the air within the alveoli; changes during different phases of breathing - Inspiration: decrease alveolar pressure (air sucked in) - Expiration: increase alveolar pressure (air forced out)
49
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
Exchange of gases between the alveoli of lungs & the blood
50
ALVEOLI
Tiny air sacs in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange Surrounded by capillaries - Oxygen from alveoli moves to the blood via diffusion - Carbon dioxide from blood moves to alveoli for removal during expiration
51
HEMOGLOBIN
Red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood | - Carries oxygen & carbon dioxide to/from cells
52
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
Process of diffusing oxygen from the blood into interstitial fluid & into cells - Exchange between blood in capillaries & tissue cells
53
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE (ATP)
1 adenosine molecule bonded to 3 phosphate groups; present in all living tissue - Provides energy for muscle contractions & other physiological processes
54
VITAL CAPACITY
Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking deepest breath possible - Measures functional capacity of lungs
55
TIDAL VOLUME
Lung volume, represented by the volume of air displaced between normal inhalation & exhalation; no extra effort applied - Increases during exercise
56
MINUTE VENTILATION
Volume of gas inhaled (inhaled minute volume) or exhaled (exhaled minute volume) from a person's lungs, per minute
57
VO2 MAX
Maximum amount of Oxygen (O2) the body can use during a specified period of intense exercise - The O2 the body can use during exercise, the more ATP can be produced to fuel the exercise
58
MELATONIN
Hormone secreted by the Pineal Gland - Inhibits formation of melanin - Functions in sleep/wake cycles
59
STEROIDS
``` Any of a large class of organic compounds with molecular structure of 4 rings of Carbon atoms - Lipid hormones; can diffuse across the plasma membrane into the phospholipid bilayer of cells - Hormones: Sex hormones (estrogen & testosterone) Adrenal Cortex hormones (aldosterone & cortisol) ```
60
ESTROGEN
Any of a group of steroids that promote development & maintenance of female characteristics - Can be produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives or treatment of menopausal & menstrual disorders
61
GASTRIN
Hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric juices into bloodstream by the stomach wall in response to food - Controls process of digestion in 3 ways: 1. Cephalic Phase 2. Gastric Phase 3. Intestinal Phase

ISSA Strength & Conditioning (9 decks)

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