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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Cardiovascular Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is angiitis?

A

Inflammation of a vessel.

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2
Q

What is angiospasm?

A

Involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessel; narrows the vessel.

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3
Q

What is angiostenosis?

A

Narrowing of a vessel.

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4
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

A slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute.

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5
Q

What is an embolus?

A

Obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site.

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6
Q

What is plaque?

A

Yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis.

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7
Q

What is regurgitation?

A

To flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve.

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8
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Having a fast heart rate, typically more than 100 beats per minute.

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9
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

Blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel.

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10
Q

What is angina pectoris?

A

Severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia.

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11
Q

What is arrhythmia?

A

Irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening.

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12
Q

What is bundle branch block (BBB)?

A

Electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; also called heart block.

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13
Q

What is cardiac arrest?

A

Complete stopping of heart activity.

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14
Q

What is cardiomegaly?

A

An abnormally enlarged heart.

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15
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

Myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant.

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16
Q

What is congenital septal defect (CSD)?

A

Hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

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17
Q

What is congestive heart failure (CHF)?

A

Left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, & edema.

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18
Q

What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?

A

Poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack.

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19
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of lining membranes of heart; if cause is bacterial may have a bacterial colony form, called vegetation.

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20
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

Extremely serious arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur.

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21
Q

What is flutter?

A

Arrhythmia in which atria beat too rapidly, but in a regular pattern.

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22
Q

What is heart valve prolapse?

A

Cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation.

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23
Q

What is heart valve stenosis?

A

Cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allowing regurgitation.

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24
Q

What is myocardial infarction (MI)?

A

Occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack.

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25
What is myocarditis?
Inflammation of heart muscle layer.
26
What is pericarditis?
Inflammation of pericardial sac.
27
What is tetralogy of Fallot?
Combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery.
28
What is valvulitis?
Inflammation of a heart valve.
29
What is an aneurysm?
Weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries.
30
What is arteriorrhexis?
A ruptured artery.
31
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening & loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis.
32
What is an atheroma?
Deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque.
33
What is atherosclerosis?
Most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall.
34
What is coarctation of aorta (CoA)?
Severe congenital narrowing of aorta.
35
What is a hemorrhoid?
Varicose veins in anal region.
36
What is hypertension (HTN)?
High blood pressure; essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease.
37
What is hypotension?
Decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia.
38
What is patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?
Congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth.
39
What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?
Abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, & blocked circulation.
40
What is phlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein.
41
What is polyarteritis?
Inflammation of several arteries.
42
What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?
Periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure.
43
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein.
44
What are varicose veins?
Swollen and distended veins; often in the legs.
45
What is cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?
Procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenate air for a person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration.
46
What is defibrillation?
Procedure that converts irregular heartbeats, such as fibrillation, using an electric shock.
47
What is extracorporeal circulation (ECC)?
Routing blood to a heart-lung machine during a surgical procedure.
48
What is an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)?
Device implanted into the heart to deliver an electric shock to restore normal heart rhythm; especially helpful for ventricular fibrillation.
49
What is pacemaker implantation?
Device implanted into the heart to substitute for the natural pacemaker; especially helpful for bradycardia.
50
What is thrombolytic therapy?
Use of drugs, such as streptokinase or tissue-type plasminogen activator, to dissolve clots and restore blood flow.
51
What is an aneurysmectomy?
Surgical removal of an aneurysm.
52
What is arterial anastomosis?
Surgical joining of two arteries when an artery is severed or a damaged section is removed.
53
What is atherectomy?
Surgical removal of an atheroma.
54
What is a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)?
Blood vessel from another location (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery.
55
What is embolectomy?
Surgical removal of an embolus.
56
What is endarterectomy?
Removal of the diseased inner lining of an artery; usually to remove atherosclerotic plaques.
57
What is a heart transplant?
Replacement of a diseased heart with a donor heart.
58
What is an intracoronary artery stent?
Placing a stent within a coronary artery; treats coronary ischemia due to atherosclerosis.
59
What is ligation & stripping?
Removal of varicose veins; damaged vein is tied off (ligation) and then removed (stripping).
60
What is percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)?
Balloon catheter is inserted through skin into coronary artery; inflated to dilate the narrow blood vessel.
61
What is a stent?
Stainless steel tube placed within blood vessel to widen the lumen.
62
What is valve replacement?
Removal of diseased valve and replacement with an artificial valve.
63
What is valvoplasty?
Surgical repair of a heart valve.

Medical Terminology (2 decks)

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