Chapter 8 - Digestive

Question 1

What are aphthous ulcers commonly called?

Answer 1

Canker sores

A type of ulcer that occurs in the mouth.

Question 2

Define cleft lip.

Answer 2

Congenital anomaly where upper lip and jaw fail to fuse in the midline, leaving a gap

This condition can vary in severity.

Question 3

What is a cleft palate?

Answer 3

Congenital anomaly where hard palate fails to fuse in the midline, leaving an opening into nasal cavity

It can affect feeding and speech development.

Question 4

What does dental caries refer to?

Answer 4

Decay of tooth due to bacterial infection; tooth cavity

This condition can lead to pain and tooth loss if untreated.

Question 5

What is gingivitis?

Answer 5

Inflammation of the gums

It is often a precursor to more severe periodontal disease.

Question 6

What causes herpes labialis?

Answer 6

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection; fever blisters or cold sores

This condition is highly contagious and can recur.

Question 7

What is periodontal disease?

Answer 7

Disease of supporting structures around the teeth; especially the gums; most common cause of tooth loss

It can result from untreated gingivitis and lead to serious health issues.

Question 8

Define sialadenitis.

Answer 8

Inflammation of a salivary gland

This condition can cause swelling and pain in the affected area.

Question 10

What are esophageal varices?

Answer 10

Varicose veins in the esophagus; hemorrhaging occurs if rupture.

Question 11

What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer 11

Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus causing inflammation and pain.

Question 12

What is pharyngoplegia?

Answer 12

Paralysis of the throat muscles.

Question 13

What is gastric carcinoma?

Answer 13

Malignant tumor in the stomach.

Question 14

What is gastroenteritis?

Answer 14

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.

Question 15

What is gastritis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of the stomach.

Question 16

What is a hiatal hernia?

Answer 16

Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity; also called diaphragmatocele.

Question 17

What is peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Answer 17

Ulcer in the lower portion of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; caused by high acid of stomach juices; may be a result of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Question 18

What is an anal fistula?

Answer 18

Abnormal passageway from surface directly into the rectum; around the anal opening.

Question 19

What is appendicitis?

Answer 19

Inflammation of the appendix.

Question 20

What is bowel incontinence?

Answer 20

Inability to control defecation.

Question 21

What is colorectal carcinoma?

Answer 21

Malignant tumor in the colon or rectum.

Question 22

What is Crohn’s disease?

Answer 22

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, primarily in the ileum and/or colon; results in scarring; also called regional ileitis.

Question 23

What is diverticulitis?

Answer 23

Inflammation of a diverticulum, an outpouching off the colon; results from food being trapped inside.

Question 24

What is diverticulosis?

Answer 24

Condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis.

Question 25

What is dysentery?

Answer 25

Diarrhea with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, and fever; caused by contaminated food or water.

Question 26

What is enteritis?

Answer 26

Inflammation of the small intestine.

Question 27

What are hemorrhoids?

Answer 27

Varicose veins in the anal region.

Question 28

What is ileus?

Answer 28

Severe abdominal pain, inability to defecate, abdominal distension; caused by intestinal blockage.

Question 29

What is an inguinal hernia?

Answer 29

Protrusion of a loop of bowel through abdominal muscle and into the groin region; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle pinches the loop of bowel.

Question 30

What is intussusception?

Answer 30

One part of intestine slips or telescopes into another section.

Question 31

What is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Answer 31

Disturbance in function of intestine for unknown reason; causes abdominal cramping and alternating diarrhea and constipation; also called functional bowel syndrome.

Question 32

What is polyposis?

Answer 32

Having polyps, tumor with a stem-like attachment, growing on the mucous membrane of the colon; may become cancerous.

Question 33

What is proctoptosis?

Answer 33

Prolapse or drooping rectum.

Question 34

What is ulcerative colitis?

Answer 34

Chronic inflammatory condition with numerous small ulcers on the lining of the colon; also called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Question 35

What is volvulus?

Answer 35

Bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction.

Question 36

What is cholecystitis?

Answer 36

Inflammation of the gallbladder; commonly caused by gallstones.

Question 37

What is cholelithiasis?

Answer 37

Presence of gallstones; may or may not cause symptoms.

Question 38

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 38

Chronic liver disease due to liver failure.

Question 39

What is hepatitis?

Answer 39

Inflammation of the liver; usually due to a viral infection.

Question 40

What is hepatoma?

Answer 40

Tumor in the liver.

Question 41

What is pancreatitis?

Answer 41

Inflammation of the pancreas.