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APUSH > Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What was the major ethnic group in all of the colonies?

A

english

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2
Q

What was a similarity among the 13 colonies?

A

great pop. growth

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3
Q

Were there more people east or west of the Alleghenies?

A

East, the Indians were in the West

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4
Q

What were the 5 most populous colonies?

A

Virginia, Mass., Penn, N. Carolina, Maryland

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5
Q

What were the only actual cities?

A

Philly, NY, Boston, Charlestown

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6
Q

90% of the pop. lived in rural or urban?

A

rural, they were all farmers

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7
Q

Why did the Germans come and where did they go?

A

fleeing religious persecution, bad economy, war

settled in Penn.

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8
Q

What did the Pennsylvania Dutch get their name from?

A

Deusch=German

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9
Q

What was the German influence on Pennsylvania?

A

some German street signs, stone barns

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10
Q

Why did the Scots-Irish become squatters?

A

b/c the catholics and germans had all the land in Penn. so they settled along frontier

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11
Q

What Scots-Irish items did the English gov. place restrictions on?

A

linens and woolens

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12
Q

What were Scots-Irish settlements along eastern Appalachian foothills called?

A

Great Wagon Road

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13
Q

What did the Scots-Irish bring with them?

A

Whiskey distilling

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14
Q

Who were the Paxton boys?

A

group of scots-irish who led an armed march in Penn. against lenient Quaker-Indian policies

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15
Q

What movement did the Paxton Boys also lead?

A

Regulator Movement

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16
Q

What was the purpose of the Regulator Movement?

A

against eastern domination of the colony’s affairs

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17
Q

What was the largest non-english group?

A

Africans

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18
Q

Who was the equivalent of the Bacon’s Rebellion?

A

Paxton Boys

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19
Q

What did America and Europe have in common?

A

slavery

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20
Q

Where did the merchant princes get their wealth?

A

war suppliers -> wealth from war

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21
Q

What class other than the merchant princes were created b/c of war?

A

widows and orphans

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22
Q

What did Philadelphia and New York build in 1730 for widows and orphans?

A

almshouses

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23
Q

What were results of the pop. growing?

A

landholdings subdivided, children forced to hire out as wage laborers

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24
Q

Who were involuntarily shipped to America?

A

paupers and convicts

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25
Q

What was the most honored profession?

A

Christian ministry

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26
Q

Describe physicians in 1755

A

bad: poorly trained, worked as apprentice then turned loose, when physicians weren’t available, barber was summoned

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27
Q

What were the 2 epidemics?

A

smallpox, diphtheria

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28
Q

What was a common prescription for smallpox?

A

powdered dried toad

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29
Q

Were there many lawyers at the time?

A

no, farmers would rep. themselves at court

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30
Q

Why did the Scots get pushed from the lowlands of Scotland?

A

spread of commercial farming, rack renting, persecution by Brit. authorities

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31
Q

Why did the Scots get pushed out of Ireland?

A

rack renting

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32
Q

What group built floor less log cabins and frequently exhausted the soil and moved on?

A

scots-irish

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33
Q

What was the scots-irish religion?

A

presbyterian

34
Q

What was the leading industry in America?

A

ag.

35
Q

What was the staple crop in Maryland and Virginia?

A

tobacco

36
Q

On the lands that were depleted b/c of tobacco (Chesapeake), what was cultivated?

A

wheat

37
Q

What were the “bread colonies?

A

the fertile, middle colonies, produced large amounts of grain

38
Q

What was a major industry in NE?

A

dried cod

39
Q

Who provisioned the Caribbean with food and forest products and hauled Spanish stuff to London?

A

yankee seamen

40
Q

Describe the triangular trade

A

NE: rum, Africa: slaves, Caribbean: molasses

NE>Africa>Caribbean>NE

41
Q

What were the manufactured products?

A

rum, beaver hats, iron, household manufacturing+spinning and weaving

42
Q

What kinds of people were scarce and highly prized?

A

strong-backed laborers and skilled craftspeople

43
Q

What was the most important manufacturing activity?

A

lumbering

44
Q

Why were colonial naval stores highly prized?

A

Brit. wanted mastery of the seas

45
Q

Describe the America-Britain trade imbalance

A

America wanted british products but britain did need any

46
Q

What allowed America to buy british products?

A

Trade w/ west indies

47
Q

What was the Molasses Act? Result?

A

Aimed at ending N. American trade w/ French west indies

bribing and smuggling

48
Q

What were the tax supported state churches in 1775

A

Anglican and Congregational

49
Q

Which church was the major prop for kingly authority?

A

Anglican

50
Q

What were the probs with the Anglican church?

A

less fierce and more worldly than the rest of NE

51
Q

Which church grew from the Puritan church?

A

Congregational

52
Q

The congregational church was formally est. in all colonies except:

A

rhode island

53
Q

What was in the neo-trinity?

A

Presbyterianism, congregationalism, rebellion

54
Q

Who did the Anglican clergymen support?

A

the king

55
Q

What did the Anglican church not have?

A

a resident bishop

56
Q

What were the liberal ideas of the Great Awakening?

A

humans not predestined to damnation and could save themselves through good works

57
Q

What was in the doctrines of the Arminians?

A

free will determined a person’s fate

58
Q

Jonathan Edwards vs. George Whitefield

A

Jonathan Edwards started the beliefs, salvation through good works, dependence on God’s grace
George Whitefield went everywhere preaching with emotion

59
Q

Who were the old lights?

A

orthodox clergymen skeptical of emotionalism of revivalists

60
Q

What were the effects of the Great Awakening?

A

undermined the older clergy, increased #s and competitiveness of churches, encouraged missionary work among Indians and Blacks, colleges

61
Q

What was the first spontaneous mass movement of the American people?

A

Great Awakening

62
Q

What was generally taught in public schools?

A

religion and classical languages (latin, greek)

63
Q

Who launched the University of Pennsylvania?

A

Ben Franklin

64
Q

Who were the 4 patrons of the arts?

A

Trumbull, Paele, West, Copley

65
Q

Who was famous for his George Washington paintings?

A

Paele

66
Q

What were the architecture forms?

A

log cabin from sweden, red-bricked georgian style in virginia

67
Q

Who was the best of the poetry poor?

A

Phillis Wheatley

68
Q

What work of lit. did Ben Franklin put together?

A

Poor Richard’s Almanack

69
Q

What did Ben Franklin invent?

A

bifocals, Franklin stove

70
Q

What did hand-operated printing presses lead to the production of?

A

newspapers

71
Q

What was the importance of the Zenger trial?

A

helped est. the doctrine that true statements about public officials are not libel, freedom of the press

72
Q

Was the upper house of legislature chosen or elected? lower?

A

upper- chosen by king or proprietor, voters in self gov.

lower- elected by the people

73
Q

What group was seriously underrepresented?

A

backcountry

74
Q

Who sets the taxes?

A

legislature

75
Q

Who was Lord Cornbury?

A

the worst governor

76
Q

How did the colonial assembly assert authority and independence?

A

power of the purse

77
Q

At town meetings, what was at its best?

A

democracy

78
Q

What were lotteries used for?

A

churches and colleges

79
Q

Were stage plays popular in north or south?

A

south, north preferred religious lectures

80
Q

Why was Christmas frowned upon?

A

popery

81
Q

What were the similarities among the N. America colonies?

A

English in lang and customs, protestant, some degree of ethnic and religious toleration, social mobility, some measure of self gov. but not full democracy

APUSH (8 decks)

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