Chapter 5 -Consciousness

Question 1

What is the frequency of Theta Waves?

Answer 1

4 to 7 cycles per second

Light Sleep

Question 2

What is the frequency of Beta Waves?

Answer 2

13-24 cycles per second

Normal waking thought, alert problem solving.

Question 3

Delta waves are associated with?

Answer 3

Sleeping Deeply.

Less than 4 cycles per second

Question 4

How long does it take to readjust after flying across several time zones?

Answer 4

One day per each time zone crossed.

Question 5

What structure in the brain appears to play a central role in regulating our biological clock?

Answer 5

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus.

Question 6

What best describes muscle activity during sleep?

Answer 6

It is at its lowest during REM sleep

Question 7

Who developed the activation synthesis view of dreaming?

Answer 7

Robert McCarley and J. Allan Hobson.

Question 8

Who developed the Problem Solving model of dreaming?

Answer 8

Rosalind Cartwright.

Question 9

Who is the 18th century physician that popularized the term “hypnosis”?

Answer 9

James Braid.

Question 10

According to research on hypnotic suspectability, what percentage of the population does not respond well to hypnosis.

Answer 10

Between 10-20%.

Question 11

What is consciousness?

Answer 11

The awareness of internal and external stimuli, including awareness of a self and your thoughts.

Question 12

What are biological rhythms?

Answer 12

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functions tied to planetary rhythms.

Question 13

What are circadian rhythms?

Answer 13

24 hour cycles that are influential in the regulation of sleep.

Question 14

What is the activation-synthesis model of dreams propose?

Answer 14

Dreams are side effects of the neural activation that produces waking-like brain waves during REM sleep.

Question 15

Explain Non-Rem sleep (stages 1-4)

Answer 15

Marked by an absence of rapid eye movements

Little to no dreaming

Varied EEG activity.

Question 16

Explain REM Sleep

Answer 16

Deep stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements

High-Frequency Brain Waves

Dreaming

Question 17

What are siesta cultures?

Answer 17

Napping practices found in tropical regions.

Question 18

What brain waves represent ordinary wakefulness?

Answer 18

Fast, low amplitude beta waves.

Question 19

What brainwaves represent relaxed wakefulness?

Answer 19

Rhythmic alpha waves.

Question 20

Stage 1 sleep involves what characteristic of brainwaves?

Answer 20

Small, irregular brain wave s

Question 21

Stage 2 sleep involves the appearance or what?

Answer 21

Spindle shaped waves called sleep spindles.

Question 22

Stage 3-4 Sleep involves what kind of brainwaves?

Answer 22

Appearance of large and slow delta waves

Question 23

What are the wave characteristics of REM sleep?

Answer 23

Similar to ordinary wakefulness.

Question 24

Sleep Deprivation of REM and slow wave sleep leads to?

Answer 24

Increased attempts to shift into these stages and increased time in these stages after deprivation ends.

Question 25

What is insomnia?

Answer 25

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep and disorder of circadian rhythms.

Question 26

What is narcolepsy?

Answer 26

Marked by sudden, irresistible onsets of sleep during normal waking hours.

Question 27

What are nightmares?

Answer 27

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep.

Question 28

What are night/sleep terrors?

Answer 28

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic.

Question 29

What is sleep apnea?

Answer 29

Frequent reflexive gasping for air that disrupts sleep

Question 30

What is somnambulism?

Answer 30

Wandering around while remaining asleep.

Question 31

REM Sleep behaviour disorder is?

Answer 31

Potentially troublesome and violent dream enactments during REM periods.

Question 32

What is the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)?

Answer 32

Consists of different fibres running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal.

Question 33

What is mind wandering?

Answer 33

Refers to peoples experience of task-unrelated thoughts

Question 34

What is an electroencephalograph?

Answer 34

A device that monitors electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp.

Question 35

What is the frequency of Alpha waves?

Answer 35

8-12 cycles per second Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation

Question 36

What is an electromyograph? (EMG)

Answer 36

Records muscular activity and tension.

Question 37

What is an electrooculugraph? (EOG)

Answer 37

Records eye movements.

Question 38

What is the manifest content of dreams?

Answer 38

Consists of the plot of a dream at the surface level.

Question 39

What is the latent content of a dream?

Answer 39

Refers to the hidden or disguised meaning of the events in the plot

Question 40

Define hypnosis.

Answer 40

A systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility.

Question 41

What are the effects of Hypnosis.

Answer 41

Anesthesia - effective in pain treatment Sensory distortions and hallucinations Disinhibition - odd behaviour Posthypnotic suggestions and amnesia - not remembering what happened to them after.

Question 42

What is social cognitive theory and hypnosis?

Answer 42

Theodore Barber Nicholas Spanos Hypnosis produces a normal state in which suggestible people act out of role of a hypnotic subject and behave as they think hypnotized people are supposed to.

Question 43

Ernest hilgard proposed the theory of Disassociation which states:

Answer 43

A splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of consciousness

Question 44

What are narcotics and opiates?

Answer 44

Drugs that are derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.

Question 45

What are sedatives?

Answer 45

Sleep inducing drugs that tend to decrease central nervous system activation and behavioural activity.

Question 46

What are stimulants?

Answer 46

Drugs that increase central nervous system activity and behavioural activity

Question 47

What is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway?

Answer 47

Neural circuit that runs from an area in the midbrain that is referred to as the reward pathway. Large rapid increases in dopamine along this pathway is said to be the reinforcing effects of abused drugs.