Chapter 5- Crime + Deviance Flashcards
(32 cards)
Stanley Cohen
Moral panic concept →media perpetuates fear surrounding events and ideas
Satanic panic
Reefer madness
Stranger danger
Halloween candy → drugs
Emile Durkheim
Concept of anomie/normlessness
↳ rapid social change + lower social cohesion can cause crime in society as a result of no bond to society
Hirschi
Control perspective →4 social bonds to society
1→attachment
2→ commitment
3→involvement
4→belief
Jackson Toby
Stake in conformity theory
↳ everyone has a stake in playing by societal rules and not breaking the law: this can impact future opportunities in life etc.
Robert Merton
Strain theory → no socially acceptable means to achieve socially acceptable/societally prescribed goals
↳ creates strain which can lead to crime to obtain these goals and fill this gap between goals and means
Sutherland
Differential Association Theory → Who you associate with influences probability of committing crime
Howard Becker
Labelling Theory → if criminal associations outweigh pro-social associations I criminal behavior can be influenced
↳ 5 factors:
criminal behavior is learned
Learned through interactions with others
Through intimate groups
Rationalities for crimes emerge
Reactions to social rulesare not uniform
Messerschmidt
Relationship between patriarchy and class conflict:
↳ overlap creates crime→ victimization of women necessitates survival crime
Deviance vs. crime
Crime: behavior in violation of criminal law→set of specific rules regarding human conduct
Deviance: stepping outside what society deems the norm
→ not always subject to formal sanction
Deviance is socially constructed and can change based on societies views
Describe and give examples of moral panic
When a group, person, event, or condition, becomes defined as a threat and is perpetuated by media
Satanic panic → grunge aesthetic+ even rock music was feared because they believed it would lead to criminal behavior
Reefer madness → false info. Spread regarding effects of manjuana
Consensus view
Laws are determined by agreement and uniformity across society
Laws directly reflect the values and opinions of society
Conflict view
Crime is political. Criminal law protects the upper class and subjugates the poor
Criminal Justice System is not equal: result of unequal distribution of power, wealth, connections, etc.
Powerful groups create and enforce laws to their own advantage→ crime can be attributed to limited opportunities for upward mobility
Interactionist view
Moral entrepreneurs define crime.
Crime is socially determined
Criminal labels are transformative and often self-fulfilling
↳ crime is constantly shifting based on society
Functionalist perspective on CRIME and deviance
Both universal and necessary in society→ has a function
Formal and informal punishments remind people to stay within societal norms (Deterrence)
Anomie
Crime is a natural consequence of differences → too much causes anomie
Crime can be used as a social barometer: different levels express how society is functioning
Consensus in society is impossible to achieve
Control Theory
Functionalist perspective: social control influences peoples desire to commit crimes
→ Desire to protect place in society and do well in life
4 Social bonds
Attachment →to societal norms and desires
Commitment→ what is at stake if crime is committed
Involvement→ how involved one is in conventional aspects of society
Belief → how strong ones moral code is and how strong of a desire they have to break laws
Only need one lacking social bond to commit crime
Only need one strong social bond to not want to commit crime
Stake in conformity
People are shaped and controlled by societal mechanisms that manage behavior
People are motivated to abide by conventional rules
↳ moral motivations
↳ committed to conformity
↳ fear that criminal record will limit future
Strain Theory
Crime is a product of stressors and a lack of legitimate means to achieve socially acceptable goals
Crimes of power: laws reflect desires of major capital owners (NRA)
Symbolic interactionist perspective
Deviance is a social label that some groups use to stigmatize other groups
People internalize deviant label as part of the self which strengthen perceptions and create a self-fulfilling prophecy
↳ makes it harder to rehabilitate criminal behavior
Moral entrepreneurs
Group, individual, or organization that influences beliefs and norms about certain behaviors
Differential Association Theory → 5 MAIN factors
1) criminal behavior is learned
2.) crime is learned through interactions with others
3)criminal behavioris learned through intimate personal groups
4) part of learning crime is developing rationalizations
5) Reactions to social rules are not uniform
Newest relationships have biggest impact → NOT class specific
Labelling Theory
Acts are not inherently criminal; they are defined as criminal by certain social groups
Consider social difference between labeled and labeller
Moral entrepreneurs (interactionist) define crime which is deferentially enforced (conflict)
Marxist feminist view on crime
Most studies done with men as the focus.
Victimization of women and queer individuals and gender exploitation by men (easier to control and subjugate)
Treat women as a commodity that produces children to be sold to other men → historic idea still persists in society today
