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Science > Chapter 5 - Ecosytems > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Ecosytems Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Ecosystem

A

A complex level of organisation made up of living and non-living things

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2
Q

Niche

A

A comfortable or suitable position in the environment for a species

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3
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living system

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4
Q

Biotic

A

Living system

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5
Q

Predator

A

An animal that naturally preys on others

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6
Q

Prey

A

An animal that is hunted and killed by a predator for food

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7
Q

Parasite

A

an organism which lives in or on another organism (its host) and benefits by taking nutrients at the other’s expense

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8
Q

Host

A

an animal or plant on or in which a parasite or commensal organism live

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9
Q

Symbiosis

A

interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

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10
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit, E.g a bird eats a tick off a cows back and gets food the cow also gets cleaned.

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11
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits the other is harmed, E.g a tick on a cow, the tick is the parasite as it is harming the cow.

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12
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits the other doesn’t care, e.g a tree and a squirrel living inside, the squirrel gets a home and the tree does not care about something living in it.

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13
Q

Predator/Prey

A

A predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism which the predator eats e.g a lion and a zebra

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14
Q

Detrivore

A

Breaks things up into smaller pieces e.g a earthworm

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15
Q

Decomposer

A

Chemical breakdown usually by fungi and bacteria

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16
Q

Chemosynthetic

A

describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light

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17
Q

Food chains

A

diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another

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18
Q

Food webs

A

diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food

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19
Q

Trophic level

A

a level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid

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20
Q

First-order

A

organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer

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21
Q

Primary consumers

A

the first consumer in a food chain; also known as a first-order consumer

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22
Q

Second-order

A

organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer

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23
Q

Secondary consumers

A

the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer

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24
Q

Energy pyramid

A

a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain

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25
pyramid of numbers
a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain
26
pyramid of biomass
A representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain
27
Birth rate
the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time
28
Death rate
the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time
29
Immigration
the number of individuals moving into an area
30
Emigration
the number of individuals leaving an area
31
Sigmoid
the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau
32
Steady state
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
33
Plateau phase
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
34
Equilibrium
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
35
Zero population growth
the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out
36
carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
37
Producers
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph
38
Autotroph
organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to feed on other organisms; also known as an autotroph
39
Photosynthesis
the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.
40
Metabolism
the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells
41
Cellular respiration
the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.
42
Adenosine
triphosphate (ATP): a form of energy released during cellular respiration that provides cells with the energy needed to perform their functions
43
Aerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food using oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in all body cells and releases energy.
44
Glycosis
process by which glucose is converted into a simple form, during which energy is released
45
Cytosol
the fluid found inside cells
46
Krebs cycle
part of the aerobic respiration process in which carbon dioxide and ATP (energy) are produced
47
Electron transport train reactions
part of the aerobic respiration process
48
Mitochondria
small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.
49
Anerobic respiration
the chemical breakdown of food without oxygen. The reaction needs enzymes, occurs in cells and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
50
Lactic acid
an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate
51
Lactate
an end product of anaerobic respiration in animals; also known as lactate
52
Ethanol
an end product of anaerobic respiration in plants; a form of alcohol
53
Obligate anerobes
organisms that can respire only anaerobically (in the absence of oxygen)
54
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
55
Insecticides
a chemical used to kill insects
56
Fungicides
a chemical used to kill fungal growth
57
Herbicides
a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
58
Fumigants
a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests
59
Bioaccumilation
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
60
Biological magnification
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
61
Introduced species
an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally
62
Consumer
Organisms that get there energy from eating other organisms
63
Herbivore
An organism that feeds on plants
64
Heterotrophs
Eats other organisms for energy
65
Photosynthesis worded equation
Sunlight Carbon dioxide + water —————> Glucose + Oxygen + Water Chlorophyll
66
Cellular Respiration (aerobic respiration) worded equation
Glucose + Oxygen ——-> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
67
Anaerobic respiration worded equation
Glucose ——> Lactic Acid + Energy

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