Chapter 5 (Exam 1)

Question 1

SA node pacing rate?
Atrial pacing rate?
Junctional pacing rate?
Ventricular pacing rate?

Answer 1

60-100 bpm
60-80 bpm
40-60 bpm
20-40 bpm

Question 2

Wandering Pacemaker (WAP)

Answer 2

Rate is normal
P wave variation (P’)
R-R intervals may not be consistent

Question 3

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)

Answer 3

Same as WAP except over 100 BPM

Question 4

Atrial Flutter

Answer 4

Single automaticity foci fires on top of SA node, resulting in at least 2 P waves // QRS is typically normal and regular R to R // 2:1 ratio example

Question 5

Atrial Fibrillation

Answer 5

Irregular rhythm
No identifiable P wave

Question 6

Escape Rythm

Answer 6

Atrial, Junctional, or Ventricular escape foci does not get suppressed

Question 7

Escape Rythm vs Escape Beat?

Answer 7

Escape beat is singular, escape rhythm means multiple

Question 8

Sinus Arrest

Answer 8

SA node fails to pacemake
Long pause between cycles, cannot differentiate from Sinus Block

Question 9

Junctional Escape Rhythm

Answer 9

Sinus arrest with no P wave or inverted P wave along with 40-60 bpm

Question 10

Junctional escape beat

Answer 10

Same as Junctional Escape Rhythm but only happens once then returns to original cycle

40-60 bpm, no or inverted P wave after sinus arrest

Question 11

Ventricular Escape Rhythm

Answer 11

20-40 bpm
Nothing above ventricles worked
Wide QRS
No P wave

Question 12

All escape rhythms or beats occur after a

Answer 12

Sinus arrest or block

Question 13

Premature Atrial Beat (contraction)

Answer 13

Produces early P’ wave
May be embedded on previous T wave
If embedded on T wave amplitude should be higher

Question 14

Junctional Rythm

Answer 14

Upside P wave (retrograde)
Or no P wave

Question 15

Premature Junctional Beat

Answer 15

No P wave or upside down P wave followed by early QRS

Question 16

Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)

Answer 16

Premature QRS
Wide QRS (-0.12s)
Big amplitude
Usually opposite polarity

Question 17

With a single PVC the heart will pump ___ % of normal SV. With a second PVC the heart will pump ___ %

Answer 17

80
58

Question 18

Ventricular Bigeminy
Ventricular Trigeminy
Ventricular Quadrigeminy

Answer 18

1 normal beat followed by 1 PVC
2 normal followed by 1 PVC
3 normal followed by 1 PVC

Must occur at least twice for all above

Question 19

Unifocal PVC
Multifocal PVC

Answer 19

Unifocal = originating from the same foci so PVCs will all look the same
Multifocal = originating from diff foci so PVCs will look different

Question 20

PVC couplet vs bigeminy?

Answer 20

PVC couplet is 2 PVCs directly in a row whereas a bigeminy has a normal beat separating them

Question 21

Ventricular Tachycardia? (Compared to PVC couplet)

Answer 21

Run of 3 or more PVCs back to back compared to a couplet which is 2 back to back

Question 23

Vtach that lasts longer than ___ seconds is known as _____ vtach

Answer 23

30 seconds // sustained

Question 24

What does MVP stand for? (Associated with PVC)

Answer 24

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 25

Mitral Valve Prolapse also known as ___ Syndrome

Answer 25

Barlow

Question 26

R on T phenomenon:

Answer 26

PVC falls on T wave

Question 27

Paroxysmal Tachycardia rate V flutter rate V fib rate

Answer 27

150-250 250-350 350-450

Question 28

Supraventricular Tachycardia

Answer 28

Above ventricles QRS normal May or may not be P wave (examples are a fib or a flutter)

Question 29

True or false paroxysmal supra vtach is normal

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Carotid massage is sometimes used to

Answer 30

Slow heart rate

Question 31

Torsades de Pointes

Answer 31

Ventricular Rythm 250-350 Long QT segment “Twisting of points” the amplitude is big then small then big then small

Question 32

Ventricular flutter

Answer 32

Rate 250-350 Smooth sin wave Similar to torsades but amplitude will not change

Question 33

Ventricular Fibrillation

Answer 33

Follows ventricular flutter Dying heart No identifiable QRS “Bag of worms”