Chapter 7 (Exam 2)

Question 1

____ Refers to the direction of the movement of depolarization, which stimulate the ____ to contract

Answer 1

Axis // Myocardium

Question 2

The progressive depolarization of the ____ moves in a certain direction

Answer 2

Myocardium

Question 3

Axis refers to the ____ of depolarization as it passes through the heart

Answer 3

Direction

Question 4

General direction of the movement of depolarization can be demonstrated using a ____

Answer 4

Vector (arrow)

Question 5

The vector shows the direction in which ___ is moving

Answer 5

Depolarization

Question 6

The QRS complex represents the simultaneous depolarization of both ___

Answer 6

Ventricles

Question 7

The mean QRS vector is the sum of all the smaller vectors of ____ depolarization

Answer 7

Ventricular

Question 8

The AV node is considered to be the origin of the QRS vector, so the “tail” of the vector is always the __

Answer 8

AV Node

Question 9

The mean QRS vector normally travels ___ and to the ____

Answer 9

Downward // left

Question 10

We can use a ___ axis to determine the position of the mean QRS vector

Answer 10

Circular

Question 11

The center of the circular axis is located in the ___

Answer 11

AV node

Question 12

A normal Vector points downward and to the left, which is between __ and __ on the axis

Answer 12

0 degrees // +90 degrees

Question 13

The axis of the heart is seen from the __ plan

Answer 13

Frontal

Question 14

If the heart is rotated towards the right, the vector goes towards ___ (occurs in tall people)

Answer 14

Right

Question 15

In obese people the diaphragm and heart are pushed up, and therefore the vector moves directly to the __

Answer 15

Left

Question 16

In a hypertrophied heart, the vector is pulled towards __

Answer 16

The hypertrophy side

Question 17

There is increased depolarization in a ___ ventricle

Answer 17

Hypertrophied

Question 18

Vector is pulled towards the ___ that is hypertrophied

Answer 18

Ventricle

Question 19

In a MI (myocardial infarction) there is a necrotic (dead) area. How does this affect the blood supply there?

Answer 19

No blood supply in the dead area

Question 20

In a MI there is no blood supply in the affected area. How does this affect the vector

Answer 20

Vector is pulled away from the dead area and towards opposing side

Question 21

Lead 1: ___ ___ is positive, ___ ___ is negative

Answer 21

Left arm // right arm

Question 22

Lead II, III, and AVL are the ___ leads

Answer 22

Inferior

Question 23

Lead I and AVF are the ___ leads

Answer 23

Lateral

Question 24

When determining rotation of the heart (axis) which limb leads do you focus on only?

Answer 24

Lead I & AVF

Question 25

___ is the only horizontal lead. ___ is the only vertical lead

Answer 25

Lead I // AVF

Question 26

A positive lead I points the vector towards the ___ side of the circle. A negative lead one points towards the ___ side of the circle

Answer 26

Left // Right

Question 27

A positive AVF points the vector towards the ___ side of the circle. A negative AVF points the vector towards the ___ side of the circle

Answer 27

Bottom // Top

Question 28

Bottom left quadrant of circle represents ___

Answer 28

Normal range

Question 29

Upward left quadrant of circle represents __

Answer 29

LAD (left axis deviation)

Question 30

Bottom right quadrant represents ___

Answer 30

RAD (right axis deviation)

Question 31

Top right quadrant represents

Answer 31

ERAD (extreme right axis deviation)

Question 32

When positive and negative deflections are about the same amplitude or close to, it is called __

Answer 32

Isoelectric

Question 33

To determine your axis, look at the deflections of leads ___ and ___

Answer 33

Lead 1 // AVF

Question 34

Your most isoelectric limb lead will tell you what?

Answer 34

Where on the axis you will start before rotating

Question 35

Once you have found where on the axis you will start (using the most isoelectric lead) you will rotate ___ degrees towards ___

Answer 35

90 // towards the axis you determined you should end in (using lead I and AVF)

Question 36

When using a 12 lead EKG, which leads do you NOT look at to determine rotation of the heart?

Answer 36

Chest leads (V1 - V6)

Question 37

If we HAD to use chest leads to determine rotation of heart, we would see that V3 and V4 are usually __

Answer 37

Isoelectric

Question 38

IF we had to use chest leads to determine rotation of heart, If V1 or V2 are the most isoelectric that would mean there is ___ rotation

Answer 38

Rightward

Question 39

IF we had to use chest leads to determine rotation of the heart, if V5 and V6 are mostly isoelectric that would mean there is __ rotation

Answer 39

Leftward