Chapter 5 - Gases Flashcards
(25 cards)
absolute zero
the lowest possible temperature, 0 K or -273.15°C
Avogadro’s law
equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles
bar
a unit of pressure equal to 100 kilopascals
barometer
a device for measuring atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s law
the volume of a gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to its pressure
Charles’s law
the volume of a gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to its temperature
Dalton’s law of partial pressures
the sum of the partial pressures of all the different gases in a mixture is equal to the total pressure of the mixture
diffusion
the process whereby a gas spreads out through another gas to occupy the space uniformly
effusion
the passage of a gas through a small hole in a container
gas
the form of matter, having no definite size or shape, that is an easily compressible fluid
Graham’s law of effusion
a law stating that the speed of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass
ideal gas law
PV = nRT, an equation relating the properties of a gas
ideal gas
a hypothetical gas that strictly obeys the ideal gas law
kinetic-molecular theory
a theory of the behavior of matter at the molecular level
manometer
a device that measures the pressure of a gas in a sealed vessel
millimeters of mercury [mm Hg]
a unit of pressure equal to that exerted by a column of mercury 1 mm high at 0.00°C, 760 mm Hg = 1 atm
molar volume
the volume of one mole of an ideal gas, equal to 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure
partial pressure
the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture
pascal
the SI unit of pressure
root-mean-square speed
the square root of the average of the squares of the speeds of the molecules in a sample
standard atmosphere
a unit of pressure equal to 760 mm Hg
standard temperature and pressure [STP]
a temperature of 0°C and a pressure of 1 atm
torr
a unit of pressure equal to a millimeter of mercury [mm Hg]
ideal gas constant / universal gas constant
0.08206 L atm/mol K or 8.314 J/mol K
