Chapter 5 Immune System MDT Flashcards
(46 cards)
Immunologically mediated hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen manifested by tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction
Allergy
The expression of allergic disease depends on:
Prior immunologic responsiveness
Antigen exposure
Genetically influenced host factors
Immediate allergic reaction
Within 60 minutes of exposure
Delayed allergic reaction
Many hours to days/weeks after exposure
The most serious and potentially life-threatening manifestation of mast cell and basophil mediator release
Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is defined by:
Allergen exposure followed by the acute onset of illness involving:
Skin or mucosal tissue and either respiratory compromise or hypotension
(Systolic less than 90; or 30% less than baseline)
Anaphylaxis is defined by:
LIKELY allergen followed by the acute onset of TWO or more of the following conditions:
Skin or mucosal tissue involvement, respiratory compromise, hypotension, and persistent GI symptoms
Anaphylaxis is defined by:
KNOWN allergen exposure followed by:
Hypotension
Most acute systemic food allergy is caused by:
Proteins in milk
Egg
Wheat
Soy
Fish
Shellfish
Peanuts
Tree nuts
The most common causes of food anaphylaxis in adults
Shellfish, peanuts, and tree nuts
Diagnosis of food allergy relies on a combination of:
History
Skin tests
Specific IgE tests
Allergic reaction:
Symptoms and signs typically occur within __ minutes of initial exposure buy may appear several hours later
30 minutes
Symptoms/Physical Exam Findings:
- Skin manifestations, urticaria, flushing, rashes, pruritus
- Respiratory distress; wheezing, stridor, bronchospasm, airway angioedema
- GI symptoms; cramping, emesis, diarrhea (Food allergy)
- Hypotension; light headedness, dizziness, syncope
Allergic Reaction
Cornerstone of therapy for anaphylaxis
IM Epinephrine
Delayed repeat anaphylaxis can be up to __ hours after initial treatment
4 hours
Patients with new or unexplained onset of anaphylaxis should be evaluated by:
An allergist
Formation of an allergen mediated rash
Urticaria
Wheals or hives
Itching
Acute/self-limited (1-2 weeks)
Urticaria
Chronic urticaria
Episodes lasting longer than 6 weeks
Urticaria immunologic mechanism is mediated by:
IgE
Symptoms/Physical findings:
- Lesions are itchy, red swellings of a few mm to a few cm
- Individual lesions last less than 24 hours, often only 2-4 hours
Urticaria
In cholinergic urticaria, triggered by a rise in core body temperature, wheals are:
2-3 mm with large surrounding red flare
Papular urticaria resulting from insect bites persists for:
Days
Allergic plant dermatitis, streaked urticarial lesions may be seen in:
24-48 hours
