Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards
0
Q
Integumentary system
A
Skin and its accessories (hair, nails, glands) make up the system
1
Q
Integument
A
Largest organ of the body
2
Q
Androgen
A
Generic term for an agent that stimulates development of male characteristics
3
Q
Ductule
A
Very small duct
4
Q
Homeostasis
A
State in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environments
5
Q
Synthesize
A
Forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements
6
Q
What does skin synthesize
A
Vitamin d
7
Q
Epidermis
A
Outer layer is relatively thin but thickest on palms and soles
8
Q
What are the the sub layers of the epidermis?
A
Strata, stratum corneum, and basal layer
9
Q
Keratin
A
Hard protein material and prevents body fluids from evaporating and moisture from entering the body
10
Q
Melanocytes
A
Cells produce a black pigment called melanin
11
Q
Melanin
A
Black pigment that provides a protective barrier from the damaging effects of the suns uv radiation
12
Q
Albino
A
Individual who can’t produce melanin
13
Q
Dermis / corium
A
Second layer of skin underneath the epidermis composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings
14
Q
Sebaceous
A
Oil glands
15
Q
Sudoriferous
A
Sweat glands
16
Q
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
A
Binds dermis to underlying structures and is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels
17
Q
Exocrine glands
A
Secrete substances through ducts to an outer surface of the body rather directly into the bloodstream
18
Q
Axillae
A
Armpits
19
Q
Sebum
A
Oily secretion that is acidic enough to destroy harmful organisms on the skin
20
Q
Hair shaft
A
Visible part of the hair
21
Q
Hair root
A
Part of the hair that is embedded in the dermis
22
Q
Hair follicle
A
The hair root and it’s coverings
23
Q
Papilla
A
Bottom of the follicle is a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering
24
Nail root
Where the nail is formed and is composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering
25
Nails bed
Nail is attached and slides forward over the layer of epithelium
26
Nail body
Pink because of underlying vascular tissue
27
Lunula
Half moon shaped area at the base of the nail is the region where new growth occurs
28
Steat
Fat
29
Hidr
Sweat
30
Sudor
Sweat
31
Ichthy
Dry, scaly
32
Kerat
Hard tissue
33
Myc
Fungus
34
Onych
Nail
35
Ungu
Nail
36
Pil
Hair
37
Trich
Hair
38
Squam
Scale
39
Xen
Foreign
40
Xer
Dry
41
Dermatology
Medical speciality concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systematic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin
42
Lesions
Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection
43
Primary skin lesions
Initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated
44
Secondary skin lesions
Changed that take place in the primary lesions die to infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of disease
45
First degree (superficial) burns
Least serious type of burn because they injure only the top layers of skin, epidermis
46
Thermal burn
Burn caused by brief contact with dry or moist heat
47
Chemical burn
Burn caused by exposure to chemicals
48
Sunburn
Burn caused by spending too much time in the sun
49
Erythema
Skin redness
50
Hyperesthesia
Acute sensitivity to sensory stimuli as touch, heat, or cold
51
Second degree (partial thickness) burns
Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis
52
Vesicles/bullae
Fluid filled blisters
53
Third degree (full thickness) burns
Epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue is damaged leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch
54
Dermatoplasty
Skin grafting
55
Neoplasms
Abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant
56
Benign neoplasms
Noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing
57
Malignant neoplasms (cancer)
Composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body
58
Immunotherapy/ biotherapy
New treatment that stimulates the body's own immune defenses to fight tumor cells
59
Rule of nines
Formula for rest imaging the percentage of adult body surface area affected by burns
60
Metastasis
Spread to remote regions of the body
61
Combined modality treatment
Example: radiation and biotherapy
62
Grading
Cells from the tumor site are evaluated to determine the degree of loss of cellular differentiation and function
63
Grade 1
Tumor cells well differentiated
64
Grade 2
Tumor cells moderately or poorly differentiated
65
Grade 3
Tumor cells poorly differentiated
66
Grade 4
Tumor cells very poorly differentiated
67
Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system
System that allows comparison of stats among cancer centers
68
T
Size and invasiveness of primary tumor
69
N
Area lymph nodes involved
70
M
Invasiveness of the primary tumor
71
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer and is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis or hair follicles
72
Squamous cell carcinoma
Invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair skinned old white men
73
Malignant melanoma
Malignant growth of melanocytes
74
Abscess
Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection
75
Two types of squamous cell carcinoma
In situ and invasive
76
Acne
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesion that includes blackheads, inflammatory papules, nodules, and cysts and usually associated with seborrhea
77
Alopecia
Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease
78
Bowen disease
Form of intraepidermal carcinoma characterized by red brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis
79
Cellulitis
Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
80
Chloasma
Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish brown patches or spots
81
Comedo
Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin
82
Dermatomycosis
Infection of the skin caused by fungi
83
Ecchymosis
Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue black to greenish brown or yellow
84
Eczema
Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching
85
Erythema
Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries
86
Eschar
Dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn
87
Impetigo
Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
88
Keratosis
Thickened area of epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)
89
Lentigo
Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle aged or older person
90
Pallor
Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin
91
Pediculosis
Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear
92
Petechia
Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
93
Pressure ulcer
Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly bedridden persons
94
Pruritus
Intense itching
95
Psoriasis
Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis
96
Purpura
Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae
97
Scabies
Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact
98
Tinea
Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected
99
Urticaria
Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives
100
Verruca
Epidermal growth caused by a virus
101
Vitiligo
Localized loss of skin pigments characterized by milk white patches
102
Chemical peel
Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis
103
Cryosurgery
Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue
104
Debridement
Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents
105
Dermabrasion
Rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis
106
Fulguration
Tissue destruction by means of high frequency electric current
107
Photodynamic therapy
Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells
108
Biopsy
Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination
109
Frozen section
Ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
110
Needle
Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe
111
Punch
Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch
112
Shave
Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
113
Mohs
Layers of cancer containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer free tissue remains
114
Skin graft
Transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site
115
Allograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person
116
Autograft
Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual
117
Synthetic
Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern
118
Xenograft
Transplantation from a foreign donor and transferred to a human
119
Allergy skin test
Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitized is applied to or injected into the skin to d'être in the patients sensitivity to it
120
Intradermal
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction
121
Patch
Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response
122
Scratch
Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin
123
Culture and sensitivity
Lab test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs
124
Antifungals
Alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death
125
Antihistamines
Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine
126
Antiparasitics
Kills insect parasites, such as mite and lice
127
Antiseptics
Topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, this preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions
128
Corticosteroids
Decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage
129
Keratolytics
Destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed
130
Protectives
Cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin
131
Topical anesthetics
Block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes
