Chapter 5 - IT Infrastructure Flashcards by John Miles De Guzman

Competitive forces model for IT investments

Market demand for your firm’s services
Your firm’s business strategy
Your firm’s IT strategy, infrastructure, and cost
Information technology assessment
Competitor firm services
Competitor firm IT infrastructure investment

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An easy-to-use software language that greatly expanded the ability of programmers to
write business-related programs and reduced the cost of software

Common Business Oriented Language (COBOL)

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A powerful multitasking, multiuser, portable operating system initially developed at
Bell Labs (1969)

Unix (1969–1975)

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is another Web development technique for creating interactive Web applications that prevents all of this inconvenience.

allows a client and server to exchange small pieces of data behind the
scene so that an entire Web page does not have to be reloaded each time the user
requests a change

Asynchronous JavaScript and XML

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Cloud and mobile computing era

2000 to present

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is the process of presenting a set of computing resources (such as computing power or data storage) so that they can all be accessed in
ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.

Virtualization

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are generally
older transaction processing systems created for mainframe computers
that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning
them.

Legacy System

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The standard Wintel design for personal desktop computing based on standard Intel
processors and other standard devices, Microsoft DOS, and later Windows software.

IBM/Microsoft/Intel Personal Computer (1981)

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is an
easy-to-use software tool with a graphical user interface for displaying Web
pages and for accessing the Web and other Internet resources.

Web Browser

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is set of self-contained services that
communicate with each other to create a working software application

Service Oriented Architecture

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enables a firm to contract custom software development or maintenance of existing legacy programs to outside firms, which
often operate offshore in low-wage areas of the world

Software outsourcing

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connect multiple storage
devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage

SAN- Storage Area Networks

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It enables businesses to distribute computing work across a series of smaller, inexpensive machines that cost much less than minicomputers or centralized mainframe systems.

Client/server computing

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is a page description language for specifying how text, graphics, video, and sound are placed on a Web page document

Hypertext markup language (HTML)

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The simplest client/server network consists of a client computer networked to a server computer, with processing split between the two types of machine.

two-tiered client/server architecture

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is a prewritten commercially available set of
software programs that eliminates the need for a firm to write its own
software programs for certain functions, such as payroll processing or order
handling.

Software package

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refer to a set of loosely coupled software components that exchange information with each other using universal Web communication standards and languages.

Web Services

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Who and when does minicomputers were introduced?

Digital Equipment Corporation back in 1965.

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connect multiple storage
devices on a separate high-speed network dedicated to storage

SAN- Storage Area Networks

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are small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on your computer, or on your cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet

APPS

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was a period of highly centralized computing under the control of professional programmers and systems operators (usually in a corporate data center), with most elements of infrastructure provided by a single vendor, the manufacturer of the hardware and the software.

MAINFRAME ERA (1959 - PRESENT)

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Provides the foundation for serving customers, working with vendors and managing internal firm business processes.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE.

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What is foundation technology of Web services

XML or Extensible Markup Language

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It includes in investing in hardware, software, and services - education, consulting, and training - that are shared across the entire firm or across entire business units in the firm.

IT INFRASTRUCTURE

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The growing bandwidth power of the Internet has pushed the client/servermodel one step further

Cloud Computing Model

optimized for wireless communication and Internet access, with core computing functions such as word processing; tablet computers such as the iPad; and digital e-book readers such as Amazon’s Kindle with some Web access capabilities.

Netbooks

Cloud computing is defined by National Institute of Standards and Technology

1. On-demand self service 2. Ubiquitous network access 3. Location independent resource pooling 4. Rapid elasticity 5. Measured service

A network standard for connecting desktop computers into local area networks that enabled the widespread adoption of client/server computing and local area networks, and further stimulated the adoption of personal computers

Ethernet (1973)

) model can be used to analyze these direct and indirect costs to help firms determine the actual cost of specific technology implementations

Total cost of ownership

Perhaps the most well known open source software is _______, an operating system related to Unix. Linux was created by the Finnish programmer Linus Torvalds and first posted on the Internet in August 1991.

Linux

maintains a large Web server, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their Web sites

Web hosting service

are ultrathin computers consisting of a circuit boardwith processors, memory, and network connections that are stored in racks.

Blade server

It is defined as shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm's specific information systems application.

Information technology Infrastructure

It is a client/server architecture in which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested.

Multitiered or N-tiered client/server architecture

Cloud Computing types of services:

1. Cloud infrastructure as a service 2. Cloud platform as a service 3. Cloud software as a service

____________was the first commercial computer with a powerful operating system that could provide time sharing, multitasking, and virtual memory in more advanced models.

Mainframe IBM 360

is an industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure themselves, optimize and tune themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from outside intruders and self-destruction.

Autonomic computing

it is a common framework for describing the tasks performed by a Web service and the commands and data it will accept so that it can be used by other applications

WSDL - Web services desription language

Is responsible for locating and managing stored Web pages.

Web server

Suite of communications protocols and a common addressing scheme that enables millions of computers to connect together in one giant global network (the Internet).

TCP/IP 1974

Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a Web-based service are now referred

Software as a service

Individual users and entire companies mix and match these software components to create their own customized applications and to share information with others.

Mashup

When did the era of personal computer start?

1981 - present

Standard desktop computer

WINTER PC (Windows operating system on a computer with intel microprocessor)

is a formal contract between customers and their service providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer.

Service level agreement

When does personal computer first truly appeared? And what are the example of those?

1970 and the examples are Apple I and II, Xerox alto.

Declining Communication costs and the Internet

As communication costs fall toward a very small number and approach 0, utilization of communication and computing facilities explodes.

Metcalfe's Law and Network Economics

Robert Metcalfe in inventor of Ethernet local Area network - claimed in 1970 that the value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members.

is software produced by a community of several hundred thousand programmers around the world

Open source software

It consists of a set of physical devices and software applications that are required to operate the entire enterprise. It is also a set of firmwide services budgeted by management and comprising both human and technical capabilities.

IT Infrastructure

refers to a model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources (computers, storage, applications, and services), over a network, often the Internet.

Cloud Computing

provides a lightweight operating system for cloud computing using netbooks

Google's Chrome OS

It is the perspective makes it easier to understand the business value provided by infrastructure investments.

Service platform

Standards and Network Effects

Technology standards are specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network

Standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information as a worldwide web of electronic pages incorporating text, graphics, audio, and video enables creation of a global repository of billions of Web pages.

World Wide Web (1989–1993)

Gordon Moore (1965), FCSRADL. TRANSISTORS

Moore's Law interpretation that none of which he stated 1. power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months 2. computing power doubles every 18 months; 3. the price of computing falls by half every 18 months.

is a set of rules for structuring messages that enables applications to pass data and instructions to one another.

SOAP - Simple object access protocol

Management Issues

1. Dealing with platform and infrastructure change 2. Management and governance 3. Making wise infrastructure investments (Rent-versus-buy decision)

refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment.

Green computing or Green IT

Law of Mass Digital Storage

Information doubling every year.

Enterprise computing era

1992 to present

Infrastructure Components

1. Computer Hardware Platform 2. Operating System Platform 3. Enterprise software application 4. Data management and storage 5. Networking/Telecommunication platform 6. Internet platform 7. Consulting and system integration services

uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices that are thousands of times smaller than current technologies permit.

Nanotechnology

they purchase their computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount of computing power they actually use or are billed on a monthly or annual subscription basis.

Utility computing or on-demand computing

1983 to present is the _______ era

client/server

Made it possible for computer machines from different manufacturers to exchange data; later used as the universal language linking input and output devices such as keyboards and mice to computers. Adopted by the American National Standards Institute in

American Standard Code Interchange (ASCII) (1958)

TCP and IP

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

enables a Web service to be listed in a directory of Web services so that it can be easily located.

UDDI - Universal Description Discovery and Integration

Law of Mass Digital Storage

Information doubling every year.

involves connecting geographically remote computers into a single network to create a virtual supercomputer by combining the computational power of all computers on the grid.

Grid Computing

is an operating system-independent, processor-independent, object-oriented programming language that has become the leading interactive environment for the Web. Created by James Gosling and the Green Team at Sun Microsystems in 1992

Java

It handles all application operations between a user and an organization’s back-end business systems.

Application Server

is an integrated circuit to which two or more processor cores have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks.

Multicore processor