Chapter 5: Language and Communication

Question 1

Linguistic Anthropology

Answer 1

Study comparisons between languages, variations between languages, and changes of languages

Question 2

Call System

Answer 2

How primates communicate.
Number of sounds correspond to a response to a stimuli

Question 3

FOXP2

Answer 3

Important gene in language development.
Humans and chimpanzees differ in the expression, explaining why humans can and chimpanzees cannot communicate by speech.

Question 4

Productivity

Answer 4

Combining two or more signs to create new expressions

Question 5

Displacement

Answer 5

The ability to talk about things that are not present

Question 6

Kinesics

Answer 6

Body language
Ex. movements, stances, gestures, and
facial expressions

Question 7

Descriptive Linguistics

Answer 7

Study of spoken language

Question 8

Phonology

Answer 8

Study of speech sounds

Question 9

Morphology

Answer 9

Forms in which sounds combine to form morphemes
- words and their meaningful parts-

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

Arrangement and order of words in phrases and sentences

Question 11

Lexicon

Answer 11

Dictionary containing all morphemes and their meanings

Question 12

Chomsky~

Answer 12

Believed all languages have a common structural basis. (Universal grammar)

Question 13

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 13

Different languages produce different ways of thinking

Question 14

Focal Vocabulary

Answer 14

Specialized sets of terms and distinctions that are important to cultural groups

Question 15

Linguistics relativity

Answer 15

All dialects are equally effective as systems of communication

Question 16

Sociolinguistics

Answer 16

Investigates the relationship between social and linguistic variations.
Ex. Gender speech contrasts,
different dialects

Question 17

Style shifts

Answer 17

Varying speech in different contexts

Question 18

William Labov~

Answer 18

Pronunciation associated with prestige

Question 19

Pierre Bourdieu~

Answer 19

Proper language is a strategic resource, and a path to wealth, prestige, and power. (Symbolic capital)

Question 20

Deborah Tannen~

Answer 20

Studied differences in communication styles of men and women

Question 21

Robin T. Lakoff~

Answer 21

Introduces many ideas about women’s language

Question 22

Diglossia

Answer 22

Regular style shifts between variants of the same language. (dialect shifts)

Question 23

Historical Linguistics

Answer 23

Examines long-term variation of speech by studying protolanguages and daughter languages

Question 24

Daughter Language

Answer 24

Languages that descend from same parent language that have been changing separately for hundreds or even thousands of years

Question 25

Protolanguage

Answer 25

Original language from which daughter languages descend

Question 26

Subgroup

Answer 26

Languages within a taxonomy of related languages that are more closely related