Chapter 5: Learning

Question 0

Stimulus

Answer 0

Event or object that causes a response

Question 1

Define learning

Answer 1

A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience

Question 2

Response

Answer 2

Actions as a result of behavior

Question 3

Conditioned

Answer 3

Learned

Question 4

Unconditioned

Answer 4

Unlearned/Innate

Question 5

Reflex

Answer 5

Involuntary response; usually a response necessary for survival

Question 6

Classical conditioning

Answer 6

Associating stimuli & REFLEXIVE responses

Question 7

Operant conditioning

Answer 7

Associating behaviors with consequences & VOLUNTARY behavior

Question 8

Observational/social learning

Answer 8

Imitating the actions of others; learn from watching somebody being rewarded or punished

Question 9

Albert Bandura

Answer 9

ATTENTION, MEMORY, IMITATION, & MOTIVATION are needed for observational learning to occur

Question 10

Bobo doll experiment

Answer 10

measured the children’s behaviour after seeing the model get rewarded, punished or experience no consequence for beating up the bobo doll

Question 11

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 11

Discovered classical conditioning

Question 12

Generalize

Answer 12

Response to both original CS & to others that are similar

White rat➡️furry & white

Question 13

Discriminate

Answer 13

Organism learns to make a particular response to some stimuli but not others

Water➡️ arrowhead

Question 14

Watson (behaviorism)

Answer 14

Demonstrated that fear can be conditioned

Question 15

Thorndike’s Law of Effect

Answer 15

Responses followed by pleasurable consequences are repeated

and the negative aspect too

Question 16

B. F. Skinner

Answer 16

Studied measurable observable behavior; founder of operant conditioning

Question 17

Latent learning

Answer 17

Learned but not performed

Question 18

Insight learning

Answer 18

“Aha” learning. The sudden perception of relationships among various parts of the problem, allowing this solution to the problem to come quickly

Question 19

Instinctive drift

Answer 19

Tendency for an animal’s behavior to revert to genetically controlled patterns

Question 20

Learned helplessness

Answer 20

The tendency to fail to act to escape from the situation because of the history of repeated feelings in the past

Question 21

Learning/performance distinction

Answer 21

Referring to the observation that learning can take place without actual performance of learned behavior

Question 22

Extinction

Answer 22

The disappearance of weakening of around response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus, or the removal of reinforcer

Question 23

Shaping

Answer 23

The reinforcement of simple steps in behavior that lead to a desired, more complex behavior

Question 24

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 24

The reappearance of a learned response after extinction has occurred

Question 25

Stimulus substitution

Answer 25

Original theory in which Pavlov stated that the classical conditioning occurred because conditioned stimulus can substitute for the unconditioned stimulus by being paired closely together

Question 26

Vicarious conditioning

Answer 26

Classical conditioning of reflex response or emotion by watching the reaction of another person