Chapter 5 : Materials and Earth Cycles

Question 1

What are atoms made up of?

Answer 1

They are made up of three kinds of particles : protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 2

Which sub-atomic particle has no electrical charge?

Answer 2

Neutrons

Question 3

Which sub-atomic particle has a positive electrical charge?

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

Which sub-atomic particle has negative electrical charge?

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

Which sub-atomic particle has the least mass?

Answer 5

Electrons

Question 6

What is electrostatic attraction?

Answer 6

It is the attraction between positive and negative charges.

Individual atoms are held together by the positive charge of the protons on the negative charge of the elctrons.

Question 7

Which sub-atomic particles make up the nucleus?

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons

Question 8

How are individual atoms held together?

Answer 8

They are held together by electrostatic attraction between the positive charge of the protons and the negative charge of the electrons.

Question 9

Who discovered the electron?

Answer 9

J. J. Thompson

Question 10

What 2 things did Rutherford discover about the structure of the atom?

Answer 10

• The particles of an atom are packed into a dense nucleus in the centre.
• An atom is mostly empty space.

Question 11

What is a ‘pure element’?

Answer 11

It is an element that is only made up of one type of atom.

Question 12

What elements are diamonds made up of?

Answer 12

Carbon

Question 13

Which element mixed with carbon makes the diamond blue?

Answer 13

Boron

Question 14

Which element mixed with carbon makes the diamond yellow?

Answer 14

Nitrogen

Question 15

Which elements can be mixed with carbon to make the diamond green?

Answer 15

Nitrogen, nickel, hydrogen

Question 16

What is weather?

Answer 16

Weather is the state of the atmosphere in an area over a short period of time.

Question 17

What is climate?

Answer 17

Climate is the average weather in an area over a long period of time.

Question 18

What is the difference between weather and climate?

Answer 18

• Weather is the state of the atmosphere over a short period of time whereas climate is the average weather over a long period of time.
• Weather is affected by temperature, precipitation, cloudiness and humdity, whereas climate is only affected by precipitation and temperature.

Question 19

Give 2 reasons on why scientists take careful measurments of the weather.

Answer 19

• To predict future weather patterns
• To predict natural disasters or anomalies in the data.

Question 20

What is weather a combination of?

Answer 20

Temperature, humidity, visiblility, cloudiness, precipitation, and wind.

Question 20

List the factors that affect climate.

Answer 20

• Temperature
• Precipitation

Question 21

List the factors that affect weather.

Answer 21

• Temperature
• Precipitation
• Humidity
• Cloudiness

Question 22

Describe each climate zone.

Polar:
Temperate:
Arid:
Tropical:
Mediterranean:
Mountains / Tundra / Taiga :

Answer 22

Polar: Very cold and dry all year
Temperate: Cold winters and mild summers
Arid: Hot and dry all year
Tropical: Hot and wet all year
Mediterranean: Mild winters and hot summers
Mountains / Tundra / Taiga : Very cold all year

Question 23

What are ice ages?

Answer 23

Ice ages are cold periods between warm periods.

Question 24

How do scientists know the Earth was colder in the past?

Answer 24

Boulders were found in strange positions and the best explaination is that they were carried there by ancient glaciers that have now melted away.

Question 25

What is the atmosphere?

Answer 25

The atmosphere is a layer of gas above the Earth's surface.

Question 26

State a way you can reduce global warming and the emmision of greenhouse gases.

Answer 26

By using renewable resources and reneweable energy.

Question 27

What is bioplastic?

Answer 27

Biolplastic is a biodegradable material that comes from reneweable sources such as vegetable oils, food waste, and sawdust.

Question 28

Name 3 ways electricity can be generated without using fossil fuels.

Answer 28

- Wind energy - Solar enegry - Tidal energy

Question 29

What is meant by the term 'global warming'?

Answer 29

It is the term used to describe the increase in temeprature of the Earth's climate due to greenhouse gases.

Question 30

What is a 'reneweable resource'?

Answer 30

It is a resource that will not ever run out or can be quickly replenished.

Question 31

Explain how using fossil fuels adds to the problem of global warming.

Answer 31

When fossil fuels are burned, carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise.