Chapter 5 Mock Flashcards by Emily Bissett

What are all the electromagnetic waves

Transverse and travel at the same speed In a vacuum

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Explain what would happen in refraction in a rectangular glass block if the light entered at 90*

The light would go straight through, no change in direction and would slow down

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Explain what would happen in refraction in a rectangular glass block if the light entered at an angle

Slow down
Bends towards normal when entering glass block - more dense and then when it leaves the block it bends away from the normal

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List the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum in order

Radio waves 
Microwaves 
Infrared 
Visible light 
Ultraviolet 
X rays 
Gamma rays

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What is the electromagnetic spectrum in relation to radio waves to gamma rays (start to finish )

Continuous
Increases in frequency
Decreases in wave length

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What frequencies of waves can we see

20 hertz to 20,000 hertz

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What may different substances do to electromagnetic waves

Absorb 
Transmit 
Refract 
Reflect 
Due to variety in wave length

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When the potential dangers of electromagnetic waves increases what else does

Increases frequency

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How are microwaves harmful in relation to increase in exposure to electromagnetic radiation

Internal hearing of body cells- can cause cancer

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How are infrared waves harmful in relation to increase in exposure to electromagnetic radiation

Skin burns

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How are ultraviolet rays harmful in relation to increase in exposure to electromagnetic radiation

Damages surface of cells and eyes leading to skin cancer and eye conditions

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How are x rays and gamma rays harmful in relation to increase in exposure to electromagnetic radiation

Mutations or damage to cells in the body

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Uses of radio waves

Broadcasting
Communications
Satellite transmissions

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Uses of microwaves

Cooking
Communications
Satellite transmissions

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Uses of visible light

Vision
Photography
Illumination

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Uses of ultra violet

Security marking
Fluorescent lamps
Disinfecting water
Detecting forging bank notes

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Uses of x rays

Observing internal structure of objects
Air port security
Scanners
Medical

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Uses of gamma rays

Sterilising food and medical equipment

Detecting of cancer and its treatment

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How can radio waves be produced

Oscillations In electrical circuits

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What can changes in atoms and nuclei do

Generate radiations over a wide frequency range

Caused by absorption of a range of radiations

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G to kg and kg to g conversions

G to kg- x1000

Kg to g - /1000

Difference between specular and diffuse reflection

smooth surfaces, such as mirrors, reflect all rays in parallel lines (specular reflection)
rough surfaces scatter light rays in different directions (diffuse reflection) - but each ray still reflects at its own angle of incidence

How do colour filters work

By absorbing certain wavelengths (and colour) and transmitting other wavelengths (and colour).

How does the power of a lens relate to its focal length and shape

The bigger the focal length the more powerful it is, the greater the power the greater refraction of light.

What is the power of a lens

It's ability to bend light

What is the formula for the power of a lens

1 / focal length of lens

What is a converging lens and its effects on rays of light

A converging lens is a convex lens () Parallel rays are refracted to a point called the principal focus/focal point) Converging lenses focus rays of light to produce a real image- opposite side to object being observed.

What is a diverging lens and its effects on rays of light.

A diverging lens is a concave lens )( They refract the parallel rays of light so they spread apart from one another and make a smaller image for viewer, on a ray diagram you trace them back to form a VIRTUAL image- image formed on same side as object.

Describe a virtual image

Image that cannot be projected onto a screen

Describe a real image

Image that can be projected onto a screen

Uses of diverging/concave lenses

Eyeglasses, contacts, peepholes, binoculars, telescopes and photography.

Uses of a converging lens

A magnifying glass, telescopes, projectors,

What is refraction due to

Difference in velocity of the waves in different substances e.g.- light travels quicker in a less dense medium and changed direction because it travels slower In a dense material

How does the intensity and wavelength distribution depend on temperature

The higher the temperature of an object the shorter the peak wave length of its spectrum

What is a hot object doing

Radiating more infra red radiation in a given time

How can a body stay at a constant temperature

Radiate the same average power that it absorbs

What will happen to a body if the average Power it radiates is less or more than average power it absorbs

If it absorbs more than it gives out it will become hotter | If it absorbs less than it gives out it will become cooler

What is thermal absorption like in shiny surfaces

Poor absorber &Poor emitter of thermal energy

What is thermal absorption like in matt surfaces

Good absorber & good emitter of thermal energy

What is thermal absorption like in light surfaces

Poor absorber and poor emitter of thermal energy

What is thermal absorption like in dark surfaces

Good absorber and good emitter

What is the temperature of the earth effected by

Factors controlling the balance between incoming radiation and radiation emitted Eg- global warming means that co2 increases the greenhouse effect. More heat is being trapped by the atmosphere, causing the planet to become warmer.

What is convection

Occurs in liquids and gases Particles with a lot of heat energy move and take place the particles of less heat energy. Move from Hot to cold to spread heat

What is conduction

Heat energy moves through a substance by conduction. Metals are good conductors or heat but non metals are poor conductors. Ions are packed together, hot ones have energy and vibrate and pass it onto others and cause them to vibrate- kinetic energy is transferred from hot parts to cold parts by free electrons.

What are non metals

Bad conductors of heat but good insulator- doesn't let heat pass through it easily.

What is radiation

Unlike convection and conduction it doesn't require particles but moves as waves- that's why we feel infrared radiation from the sun.

What are rough or dull surfaces in relation to infrared radiation

Poor at reflecting but good at absorbing

What are shiny surfaces in relation to infrared radiation

Good reflectors | Poor absorber

What would happen if a a blue book was looked at through a red filter

It would appear black, this is because the red filter will only allow red light to pass through. It will absorb all the other colours of light.

What would happen if a blue book was looked at through a blue filter

The object will still appear blue as the reflected blue light can pass through the filter