Chapter 5:Normalization

Question 1

What is normalization and its objectives?

Answer 1

Normalization is the process of organizing a database to reduce redundancy and dependency by dividing large tables into smaller ones and eliminating undesirable characteristics.

Question 2

What are update anomalies?

Answer 2

Update anomalies occur when a database design causes inconsistencies during insertion, deletion, or modification of data.

Question 3

What is the difference between 1NF, 2NF, and 3NF?

Answer 3

1NF eliminates multi-valued attributes, 2NF removes partial dependency on a composite key, and 3NF removes transitive dependencies between non-key attributes.

Question 4

What is functional dependency?

Answer 4

A functional dependency is a relationship where one attribute (or set of attributes) determines the value of another attribute.

Question 5

What is the difference between full and partial functional dependency?

Answer 5

Full functional dependency occurs when non-key attributes depend on all parts of a composite primary key, while partial dependency occurs when non-key attributes depend only on part of the composite primary key.

Question 6

What is transitive functional dependency?

Answer 6

Transitive functional dependency occurs when one non-key attribute determines another non-key attribute, which in turn determines a third non-key attribute.

Question 7

What is denormalization?

Answer 7

Denormalization is the process of intentionally introducing redundancy into a database to improve performance, typically by reducing the number of joins needed in queries.