Chapter 5 Practice

Question 1

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is X monomers long?

Answer 1

X-1

Question 2

Suppose you are eating green beans. What reaction must occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the beans to be converted to proteins in your body?

Answer 2

Dehydration Synthesis

Question 3

What is the formula for a monosaccharide that has three carbons?

Answer 3

H   H   H
       |     |     |
H - C - C - C - H
       |     |     |
      H    H   H

Question 4

A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules to form maltose. What is the formula for maltose?

Answer 4

C12H22O11

Question 5

What would happen if a cow were given antibiotics that killed all of the prokaryotes in it’s stomach?

Answer 5

It would die from the inability to digest food

Question 6

Compare the structure of a fat (triglyceride) with that of a phospholipid

Answer 6

Both: have fatty acid tails; the triglyceride is hydrophobic, while the phospholipid is hydrophobic AND hydrophilic

Question 7

Why are human sex hormones considered lipids?

Answer 7

The structure

Question 8

Suppose a membrane surrounded an oil droplet, as it does in the cells of plant seeds. Draw and explain the shape it might form.

Answer 8

|| || ||
O O O
O O O
|| || ||

The hydrophobic materials would want to be together, so the phospholipid bilayer would flip.

Question 9

Why does a denatured protein no longer function normally?

Answer 9

Structure determines function

Question 10

A genetic mutation can change the primary structure of a protein. How can this destroy the protein’s function?

Answer 10

Structure determines function

Question 11

What are the four main classes of large biological molecules?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids