Chapter 5 practice questions

Question 1

The tough “horny” superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the:
1. stratum lucidum
2. stratum granulosum
3. stratum spinosum
4. stratum corneum
5. stratum germinativum

Answer 1

4. stratum corneum

Question 2

Acessory structures of the skin include all of the following except:
1. nails
2. sebaceous galnds
3. hair follicles
4. sweat glands
5. epidermis

Answer 2

5. epidermis

Question 3

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are:
1. fibroblasts
2. keratinocytes
3. dendritic cells
4. melanocytes
5. adipocytes

Answer 3

2. keratinocytes

Question 4

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessles and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skinin the layer is?
1. epidermal
2. hypodermal
3. reticular
4. subsutaneous
5. papillary

Answer 4

5. papillary
   : the papillary dermis is composed of loose connective tissue that is highly vascular.

Question 5

the layer of dividing cells at the base of the epidermis is the:
1. stratum granulosum
2. stratum lucidum
3. stratum corner
4. stratum germinativum
5. stratum spinosum

Answer 5

4. stratum germinativum

Question 6

Beginning at the basement membrane and traveling toward the free surface, the epidermis includes the following strata (in order):
1. corneum, lucid, granulosu, spinosum, basale
2. lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale, corneum
3. basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corenum
4. granulosum, lucidum, spinosum, basale, corenum

Answer 6

3. basale, spinosum, gradulosum, lucidum, corecum

Question 7

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system, except:
1. protection of underlying tissue
2. maintenance of body temp
3. excretion of salts and wastes
4. syntehsis of vitamin C
5. provision of sensation

Answer 7

3. syntehsis of vitamin C
   : the skin is responsible for producing vitamin D3

Question 8

the fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface is?
1. elastin
2. keratohyalin
3. keratin
4. eleidin
5. collagen

Answer 8

3. keratin

Question 9

The two components of the integumentary system are the
1. integument and hypodermis
2. epidermis and superficial fascia
3. cutanous membrane and hypodermis
4. epidermis and dermis
5. cutaneous membrane and acccessory structures

Answer 9

5. cutaneous membrane and accessory structures

Question 10

an indicidual that is affected by albinism (very light skin, hair and eyes) lacks the ability to produce:
1. keratin
2. melanin
3. eleidin
4. perspiration
5. carotene

Answer 10

2. melanin

Question 11

The two types of exocrine glands in the skin are:
1. sebaceous and sweat glands
2. apocrine and eccrine sweat glands
3. eccrine and sweat glands
4. apocrine and sweat glands
5. sebaceous and eccrine glands

Answer 11

Exocrine glands: secrete substacnes into a ductal system to an epithelial surface
1. sebaceous and sweat glands

Question 12

The primary function of sensible perspiration is to ___.
1. none of these answers are correct
2. maintain electrolyte balance
3. protect the skin from dryness
4. reduce body temp
5. get rid of wastes

Answer 12

Sensible perspiration: water excreted by sweat glands
4. reduce body temp

Question 13

Muscle weakness and a reduction in bone strength in the elderly can partly result from ____.
*select correct answer (s).
- poor nutrition or nutrient absorption
- decreased sebum production
- decreased vitamin D3 production
- decreased melanin production
- decreased dermal blood supply

Answer 13

• poor nutrition or nutrient absorption
• decreased vitamin D3 production (weaker musecles and brittler bones)

Question 14

The stratum corneum of the nail root, which extends over the exposed nail is called the ____.
1. hyponychium
2. nail bed
3. eponychium
4. cerumen
5. lunula

Answer 14

3. eponychium

Question 15

Ear wax is produced by ____ glands.
1. apporcrine sweat
2. ceruminous
3. sebaceous
4. eccrine sweat
5. merocrine sweat

Answer 15

2. ceruminous
   (= modified apocrine sweat gland)
   - secreats cerumen = ear wax
   : trap foreign particles protecting ear drum

Question 16

The cutanous plexus and subpapillary plexus consist of _____.
1. a netwrok of nerves providing dermal sensations
2. gland cells that release cutaneous secretions
3. blood vessels providing the dermal blood supply
4. specialized cells for cutaneous sensations

Answer 16

3. blood vessels providing the dermal blood supply

Question 17

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the _____ layer.
1. hypodermal
2. reticular
3. papillary
4. epidermal
5. subcutaneous

Answer 17

2. reticular layer
   - the deep layer, formignn a thick layer of dense connective tissue that constitues the bulk of the dermis.
   - collagen and elastic fibers are in this layer

Question 18

The portion of the hair follicle where cell divisions occur is the _____.
1. cuticle
2. shaft
3. matrix
4. medulla
5. root hair plexus

Answer 18

3. Matrix; the cell division in the hair follicle occurs in the bulb , located at the matrix

Question 18

Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation ____.
*Select correct answer(s).
1. can result in damage to the DNA of cells in the stratum basale.
2. can cause destruction of vitamin D3
3. is reduced through a glass window as UV can not penetrate glass readily
4. from the sun and from tanning beds is considered a risk factor for the development of skin cancers
5. can result in decreased melanin production in melnocytes
6. can result in decreased melanin production in melanocytes
7. has no effect on the skin cells

Answer 18

1, 3, 4

Question 19

Think About Question - answer this question based on what you know already.
In order for bacteria on the skin to cause an infection in the skin, they must accomplish all of the following, except _____.
1. penetrate the stratum corneum
2. survive the bactericidal components of sebum
3. avoid being flushed from the surface of the skin by sweat
4. escape the dendritic cells
5. penetrate to the level of the capillaries

Answer 19

5. penetrate to the level of the capillaries

Question 20

What is the initial response of the skin to being exposed to the ultraviolet rays of sunlight?
1. epidermal cells produce cholesterol
2. epidermal cells produce calcitriol
3. blood vessels in the dermis absorb Ca+
4. epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol

Answer 20

4; epidermal cells produce cholecalciferol - vitamin D3

Question 20

What are the primary effects of calcitriol on the body? Check all that apply.
1. decrease blood concentration of phosphorus
2. decrease blood concentration of calcium
3. increase blood concentration of phosphorus
4. increase blood concentration of calcium

Answer 20

3, 4

Question 21

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by melanocytes that are located at the __________.
1. hair matrix
2. hair root
3. cuticle
4. hair papilla

Answer 21

1; hair matrix

Question 22

with aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes?
1. decreased melanocyte activity
2. reduction in dendritic cells
3. constriction of dermal blood vessels
4. decreased hormone levels

Answer 22

1. decreased melanocyte activity

Question 23

What is the composition of the nail body? 1. nonkeratinized cells 2. living cells 3. a secretion that hardens on the surface 4. dead cells

Answer 23

4; dead cells

Question 24

all of the following are true of the dermis EXCEPT that ______. 1. the papillary layer of the dermis underlies the epidermis 2. the dermal papillae is part of the dermis 3. the reticular layer of the dermis underlies the papillary layer 4. the hypodermis is part of the dermis

Answer 24

4. the hypodermis is part of the dermis

Question 25

which of the following is/ are descrined as large, coarse, often darkly pigmented haris such as those growing on the scalp or the armpits? 1. club haris 2. vellus hairs 3. terminal hairs 4. lanugo hairs

Answer 25

3, terminal hairs

Question 26

Patterns established by these fibers determine the lines of cleavage. 1. papillary plexus 2. collagen and elastic fibers 3. elasic and reticular fibers 4. reticular and collagen fibers

Answer 26

2, collagen and elastic fibers

Question 27

According to the textbook, which of the following organs is stimulated by calcitriol? 1. kidney 2. epidermis of the skin 3. liver 4. small intestine

Answer 27

4. small intestine ; stimulation of calcium and phosphate ion absorption is stimulated by calcitriol creaeted in kidneys

Question 28

Which is true regarding skin cancers? 1. the keratin in keratinocytes protects the DNA of epidermal cells against the effects of UV radiation and prevents skin cancer 2. malignant (cancer) melanomas never metastasize 3. basal cell carcinomas are extermely dangerous and metastasize rapidly through the lymphatic system 4. skin cancer is the msot common type of cancer

Answer 28

4, skin cancer is the most common type of cancer

Question 29

The cutaneous membrane includes all the following except the __________. 1. hypodermis 2. papillary layer of the dermis 3. epidermis 4. reticular layer of the dermis

Answer 29

1. hypodermis

Question 30

Given that acne relates to "oils" on Marcus' skin, what accessory skin part do you think is most directly related to acne? 1. merocrine sweat glands 2. apocrine sweat glands 3. sebaceous glands 4.hair matrix

Answer 30

3. sebaceous glands

Question 31

Exocrine glands do all the following EXCEPT __________. 1. synthesize vitamin D3 2. lubricate (기름칠하다) the epidermis 3. assist in thermoregulation 4. excrete wastes

Answer 31

1, synthesize vitamin D3

Question 31

Immediately after an initial injury to the skin, bleeding and __________ occur. 1. increased fibroblast activity 2. keloid formation 3. mast cell activation 4. granulation tissue formation

Answer 31

3. mast cell activation

Question 31

Rickets develops in growing children who are not exposed to sunlight and, therefore, have a deficiency of __________. 1. glucocorticoids 2. cholecalciferol 3. growth hormone 4. epidermal growth factors

Answer 31

2. cholecalciferol

Question 32

Once a pimple on Marcus' face begins to heal, what skin cells will divide rapidly to heal any damaged epithelial tissue in the epidermis? 1. fibroblast cells 2. stratum corneum cells 3. basal cells 3. endothelial cells

Answer 32

3. basal cells"; producing new skin cells

Question 33

If the skin is able to repair itself so efficiently, why might incomplete healing and scarring result if Marcus irritates his pimples? 1. marcus could remove all of the extracellular matrix in his dermis by irritating his pimples 2. marcus could restrict blood flow and damage capillaries in his skin by irritating his pimples 3. marcus could permanently damage the dermis and accessory organs by irritating his pimples 4. marcus could inadvertently pick off all the upper epidermal layers by irritating his pimples

Answer 33

3. marcus could permanently damage the dermis and accessory organs by irritating his pimples

Question 33

Which characteristic is specific for the papillary layer of the dermis? 1. areolar tissue 2. presence of lymphatic vessels 3. dense irregular connective tissue 4. presence of nerve fibers

Answer 33

1. areolar tissue (CT)

Question 34

What mode of secretion do the eccrine sweat glands utilize? 1. merocrine 2. holocrine 3. apocrine 4. ceruminous

Answer 34

1. merocirne

Question 34

In dark-skinned individuals, __________. 1. the # of melanocytes is greater 2. the melanosomes are more numerous 3. carotene is the greatest contributor to skin colour 4. melanosomes only transfer into the stratum spinosum

Answer 34

2. the melanosomes are more numerous