Chapter 5: Principles Of Water

Question 1

For fire protection purposes, _______ is 62.4 lb/ft3.

Answer 1

Water density

Question 2

Water may also be used to smother fires in combustible liquids whose specific gravity is higher than ______.

Answer 2

1

Question 3

Water is a solid at ______.

Answer 3

32°F

Question 4

Water is a liquid at _______.

Answer 4

32°F to 212°F

Question 5

Water is a gas above _____.

Answer 5

212°F

Question 6

The greater the _______ of water exposed, the more rapidly heat is absorbed.

Answer 6

Surface area

Question 7

At 212°F, water converted to steam occupies approximately _______ times its original volume.

Answer 7

1,700

Question 8

__________: Force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch

Answer 8

Pressure

Question 9

__________: A simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds or kilograms.

Answer 9

Force

Question 10

How many principles of pressure are there?

Answer 10

6

Question 11

The first principle of pressure states fluid pressure is _______ to any surface on which it acts.

Answer 11

Perpendicular

Question 12

The second principle of pressure states fluid pressure at a point in fluid at rest is the same ________ in all directions

Answer 12

Intensity

Question 13

The third principle of pressure-pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted ________ in all directions.

Answer 13

Equally

Question 14

Fourth principle of pressure-the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to its_______.

Answer 14

Depth

Question 15

Fifth principal of pressure-the pressure of a liquid in an open vessel is proportional to the ________ of the liquid.

Answer 15

Density

Question 16

The sixth principle of pressure-the pressure of a liquid at the bottom of the vessel is __________ of the shape of the vessel

Answer 16

Independent

Question 17

Atmospheric pressure is greatest at ________ and least at________.

Answer 17

Low altitudes

High altitudes

Question 18

Atmospheric pressure at sea level is ______ psi, which is considered standard atmospheric pressure.

Answer 18

14.7

Question 19

_________: A pressure that is somewhat less than atmospheric pressure; needed to facilitate drafting of water from a static source.

Answer 19

Vacuum

Question 20

Absolute zero pressure is called a________.

Answer 20

Perfect vacuum

Question 21

_________: The height of water supply above the discharge orifice.

Answer 21

Head pressure

Question 22

__________: stored potential energy available to force water through pipes, fittings, and adapters.

Answer 22

Static pressure

Question 23

_________: The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands.

Answer 23

Normal operating pressure

Question 24

__________: pressure at the test while water is flowing; the pressure remains in the water supply system while the test water is flowing and is the part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through pipes, fittings, and adapters.

Answer 24

Residual pressure

Question 25

_________: height of a point above sea level or some other reference point.

Answer 25

Elevation

Question 26

________: geographic position of a location or object in relation to sea level.

Answer 26

Altitude

Question 27

When a nozzle is above the level of the pump, you will have ________.

Answer 27

Pressure loss

Question 28

Above sea level, the lessening of ________ means fire department pumpers must work increasingly harder to produce the pressure required for effects of fire streams.

Answer 28

Atmospheric pressure

Question 29

_________: loss of the pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of the hose or pipe.

Answer 29

Friction loss

Question 30

6 causes of friction loss in a firehose:

Answer 30

Movement of water molecules against each other Lining of fire hose/delaminating hose Couplings Sharp bends/kinks Change in hose size or orifice by adapters Improper gasket size

Question 31

Friction loss in older hose may be as much as _____ greater than that of new hose.

Answer 31

50%

Question 32

First Principle of Friction Loss- if all other conditions are the same, friction loss varies directly with the ________.

Answer 32

Length of hose or pipe

Question 33

Second Principle of Friction Loss- when hoses are the same size, friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the _________.

Answer 33

Velocity of the flow

Question 34

Third Principle of Friction Loss- use _______ diameter hose size to reduce friction loss.

Answer 34

Larger

Question 35

Fourth Principle of Friction Loss- for a given velocity, friction loss is approximately ________, regardless of the pressure on the water.

Answer 35

The same

Question 36

The diameter of the hose determines the ________ for a given volume of water.

Answer 36

Velocity

Question 37

________ will always be greatest near the source of supply and lowest at the furthest point in the system.

Answer 37

Flow pressure

Question 38

If the velocity is increased beyond it's practical limits, the friction will become so great that the entire system is agitated by resistance. This is known as _______.

Answer 38

Critical velocity

Question 39

__________: A force created by the rapid deceleration of water; causes a violent increasing pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures.

Answer 39

Water hammer

Question 40

When a large volume of water is needed, the fire department should request the water utility department to _______ the water pressure in an area where there is a very large firefighting operation.

Answer 40

Increase

Question 41

___________: uses one more pumps that takes water from the primary source and discharge it through the filtration and treatment process. From there, a series of pumps force water into the distribution system.

Answer 41

Direct pumping system

Question 42

_________: uses a primary water source located at a higher elevation than the distribution system.

Answer 42

Gravity system

Question 43

Most communities use a _________ of the direct pumping and gravity systems.

Answer 43

Combination

Question 44

Water for fire protection may be available to some communities from storage systems, such as________ , that are considered a part of the distribution system.

Answer 44

Cisterns

Question 45

Water may be treated by _______, _________, ________or the addition of chemicals, bacteria, or other organisms.

Answer 45

Coagulation Sedimentation Filtration

Question 46

The fire department's main concern regarding treatment facilities are that a _________ or ________ could disable the pumping stations or severely hampered the purification process.

Answer 46

Maintenance failure Natural disaster

Question 47

_________ is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen formed when two hydrogen atoms combine with one oxygen atom.

Answer 47

Water

Question 48

___________: part of an overall water supply system that receives the water from the pumping station and delivers it throughout the area to be served.

Answer 48

Distribution system

Question 49

A fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction is known as a __________.

Answer 49

Dead-end hydrant

Question 50

_________: he water supply system that utilizes lateral feeders for improved distribution.

Answer 50

Grid system

Question 51

With in a grid system, _______ are large pipe (mains), with relatively widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points for the system for local distribution to the smaller means.

Answer 51

Primary feeders

Question 52

Within a grid system, ________ are networks of intermediate size pipes that reinforce to grid within the very loops of the primary feeder system and aid concentration of the required fire flow at any point.

Answer 52

Secondary feeders

Question 53

__________: grid arrangement of smaller mains serving individual fire hydrants and blocks of consumers.

Answer 53

Distributors

Question 54

The function of a ________ in a water distribution system is to provide a means for controlling the flow of water through the distribution piping.

Answer 54

Valve

Question 55

__________: visually shows whether the gate or valve seat is open, closed, or partially closed.

Answer 55

Indicating valve

Question 56

_________: A type of valve used to control underground water mains found on the supply main of installed fire protection systems. The operating system of the valve extends above ground, and a visual means is provided at the top of the post for indicating open or shut.

Answer 56

Post indicator valve

Question 57

_________: type of control valve for sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates wether the valve is open or closed.

Answer 57

Outside Screw and Yolk (OS & Y) Valve

Question 58

_________ these are the most common types of valves used on most public water distribution systems.

Answer 58

Non-indicating valves

Question 59

Friction loss can be reduced by ________ hydrants periodically.

Answer 59

Flushing

Question 60

___________ are most commonly found on large commercial, industrial, or institutional properties.

Answer 60

Private water supply

Question 61

Private water supply systems receive their water from a_________ water supply system.

Answer 61

Municipal