Chapter 5 Radiation Monitoring

Question 1

In keeping with the ALARA concept, most health care facilities issue dosimetry devices when personnel could receive approx. _______ of the annual occupational EfD limit in any month, or approx, 0.5mSv (50 mrem)

Answer 1

1%

Question 2

What different filters are incorporated into the detector packet of the OSL dosimeter?

Answer 2

Aluminum, tin and copper

Question 3

Diagnostic imaging personnel should wear a personnel dosimeter during routine operations in an imaging facility because the device provides:

Answer 3

An indication of an individual’s working habits
An indication of working conditions in the facility

Question 4

After processing, if the average OSL control monitor reading is greater than zero, it indicates:

Answer 4

That the associated group dosimeters may have been exposed to radiation in transit

Question 5

Which of the following imaging professionals most commonly wear TDL dosimeters?

Answer 5

Nuclear medicine technologists

Question 6

Which of the following instruments should be used in a laboratory setting to detect alpha and beta radiation and small amounts of other types of low-level radioactive contamination?

Answer 6

Proportional counter

Question 7

Which of the following devices is used to measure the amount of ionizing radiation to which a TDL ring dosimeter has been exposed by first heating the crystals to free the trapped, highly energized electrons and then recording the amount of light emitted by the crystals (which is proportional to the TDL ring dosimeter exposure)?

Answer 7

TDL analyzer

Question 8

In a healthcare facility, a radiographer’s deep, eye, and shallow occupational exposures,as measured by an exposure monitor, may be found on the:

Answer 8

Personnel monitoring report

Question 9

Each filter in an OSL dosimeter blocks a portion of the radiation-sensitive aluminum oxide and causes a different degree of attenuation for any radiation striking the dosimeter, depending on its:

Answer 9

Energy

Question 10

Which of the following personnel monitoring devices resembles a flash drive in appearance?

Answer 10

Personnel DIS dosimeter

Question 11

Radiation survey instruments measure which of the following?
1. The total quantity of electrical charge resulting from ionization of the gas
2. The rate at which an electrical charge is produced
3. Luminescence

Answer 11

1 and 2 only

Question 12

What do ionization chamber-type survey meters, proportional counters, and GM meters have in common?

Answer 12

Each contains a gas-filled chamber

Question 13

Which of the following only radiation monitors is currently the most commonly used dosimeter for monitoring whole body occupational exposure in diagnostic imaging ad radiation therapy?

Answer 13

OSL

Question 14

Which of the following are disadvantages of the TLD
ring dosimeter?
1. Thermoluminescence readings will be lost if not carefully recorded
2. Calibrated dosimeters must be prepared beforehand and read with each group of TLD dosimeters as they are processed
3. The readout process destroys information stored in the TLD, thus preventing the “read” TLD from serving as a permanent legal record of exposure
4. LiF is used as the sensing material in the TLD

Answer 14

1, 2, and 3 only

Question 15

The DIS dosimeter is readout through a:

Answer 15

Physical device such as a universal serial bus
(USB) or via wireless connection and the data stored electronically at the facility

Question 16

The OSL dosimeter uses:

Answer 16

An Al2O3 thin layer detector

Question 17

The ionization chamber-type survey meter measures x-radiation and gamma radiation, and, if equipped with a suitable window, can also record:

Answer 17

Beta radiation

Question 18

The ionization chamber-type survey meter measures x-radiation and gamma radiation, and, if equipped with a suitable window, can also record:

Answer 18

Beta radiation

Question 19

Monitoring companies send a control monitor to health care facilities along with each batch of dosim-eters. The control monitor should be:

Answer 19

Kept in a radiation-free area within the imaging facility

Question 20

Dosimeter readings that exceed a trigger level set by the health care facility are investigated to:

Answer 20

Ascertain the cause of the reading

Question 21

The TLD readout process:

Answer 21

Destroys The information stored in the TDL

Question 22

An ionization chamber-type survey meter is also referred to as a:

Answer 22

Cutie pie

Question 23

The increased sensitivity of the OSL dosimeter makes it ideal for monitoring employees working in low-radiation environments and for:

Answer 23

Monitoring of pregnant workers

Question 24

The RSO in a health care facility receives and reviews personnel monitoring reports to:

Answer 24

Assess compliance with ALARA guidelines

Question 25

Wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the:

Answer 25

Individual wearing the device

Question 26

On termination of employment, a radiographer must receive a copy of:

Answer 26

His or her occupational exposure report

Question 27

True or False: Personnel dosimeters protect the wearer from exposure to ionizing radiation.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

T/F: Wearing a personnel dosimeter in a consistent location is the responsibility of the individual wearing the device.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

T/F: During lengthy interventional fluoroscopic procedures (e.g., cardiac artery patency inves-tigations), some health care facilities may prefer to have diagnostic imaging personnel wear two separate monitoring devices.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

T/F: Cost is not a factor for health care facilities in selecting personnel dosimeters.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

T/F: The DIS dosimeter does not provide an instantaneous readout of dose information by the device wearer via a cell phone application.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

T/F: An ionization chamber-type survey me- ter cannot be used to measure exposures produced by typical diagnostic procedures because the exposure times are too long to permit the meter to respond appropriately.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

T/F: When a laser light is incident on the sensing material in the OSL dosimeter, the material becomes luminescent in proportion to the amount of radiation exposure received by the detector.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

T/F: With an OSL in-house reader, occupational exposure doses can be determined on the day of occurrence.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

T/F: All radiation survey meters are equally sensitive in the detection of ionizing radiation.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

T/F: The ionization chamber-type meter is used for radiation protection surveys.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F: An OSL dosimeter can only be worn for a period of 1 month.

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T/F: In health care facilities that have a well-structured radiation safety program, personnel monitoring reports are received and reviewed by the RSO.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F: A personnel dosimeter must be able to detect and record both small and large exposures in a consistent and reliable manner.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

T/F: The filters in an OSL dosimeter are made of lead, potassium iodide, and zinc.

Answer 40

False

Question 41

T/F: Ionizing radiation causes some of the physical properties of the LiF crystals in the TLD ring dosimeter to undergo changes.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T/F; When changing employment, the radiation worker must convey the data pertinent to his or her accumulated permanent equivalent dose to the new employer so that this information can be placed on file.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F: Results from personnel monitoring reports once reviewed by the facility's RSO can be discarded.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

When a protective apron is worn and the personnel dosimeter is located at collar level, it provides a reading of approximate equivalent dose to the ________ gland and ________ of the occupa-tionally exposed person.

Answer 44

Thyroid; eyes

Question 45

T/F: In the rate mode, the cutie pie can measure radiation intensities ranging from 10 to several thousand microgray per hour.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F: The GM survey meter is likely to saturate or jam when it is placed in a pulsed high-intensity radaition area thereby yielding a false reading.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: commercially available lead aprons typically have either 2..5- or 3.25-mm lead equavilent shielding

Answer 47

False

Question 48

T/F: humidity, pressure, and normal temperature changes do not affect TLDs.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F: Personnel dosimeter should be reasonably inexpensive to purchase and maintain

Answer 49

True

Question 50

T/F: Personnel dosimeter should be reasonably inexpensive to purchase and maintain

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T/F: Health care facilities must maintain a record of exposure recorded by personnel dosimeters as part of each radiation worker’s employment record

Answer 51

True

Question 52

T/F: Area monitoring can be accomplished through the use of radiation survey instruments

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T/F: Control monitors serve as a basis for comparison with the remaining OSL dosimeters after they have been returned to the monitoring company for processing.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Radiation survey instruments for area monitoring should be calibrated _______ to meet state and federal requirements.

Answer 54

Periodically

Question 55

Two types of personnel dosimeters predominantly used to measure the exposure of the whole body to ionizing radiation are _________ _______ _______ and _______ ______ ______ _______

Answer 55

Optically stimulated luminescent ; direct ion storage dosimeter

Question 56

Because many employees in a health care facility may be required to wear radiation monitors, they should be reasonably _________ to purchase and maintain.

Answer 56

Inexpensive

Question 57

An OSL dosimeter is _________, durable and easy to carry.

Answer 57

Lightweight

Question 58

The control monitor should be kept in a __________ area in an imaging facility.

Answer 58

Radiation-free

Question 59

When changing employment, the radiation worker must convey those data pertinent to accumulated permanent __________ dose to the new employer.

Answer 59

Equivalent

Question 60

Dosimeter readings that exceed a ___________ level set by the health care facility are investigated to ascertain the cause of the reading

Answer 60

Trigger

Question 61

To ensure that occupational radiation exposure levels are kept well below the __________, some means of monitoring personnel exposure must be employed.

Answer 61

Annual effective dose limit

Question 62

_________ use ionization chambers connected to ________ to perform the annual standard measurements required by state, federal, and health care accreditation organizations for radiographic and fluoroscopic devices.

Answer 62

Medical physicists; electrometers

Question 63

Radiation survey instruments are not all equally _________ in detecting ionizing radiation.

Answer 63

Sensitive

Question 64

Because the GM meter allows for rapid monitoring, it can be used to locate a _______ radioactive source or low-level radioactive contamination.

Answer 64

Lost

Question 65

Ionization chambers can be used to measure the _________ _____from both radiographic and fluoroscopic equipment.

Answer 65

Radiation output

Question 66

Personnel monitoring ensures that _________ radiation exposure levels are kept well below the annual EfD limit.

Answer 66

Occupational

Question 67

The OSL dosimeter is "read out" by using _________ at selected frequencies.

Answer 67

Laser light

Question 68

Pregnant diagnostic imaging personnel should be issued a _______ monitoring device to record the radiation dose to the abdomen during ________.

Answer 68

Second; gestation

Question 69

Monitoring reports list the _______, eye, and _______ occupational exposure of each person wearing the device in the facility as measured by the exposed monitor.

Answer 69

Deep; shallow

Question 70

After a reading has been obtained, the sensing material in a TLD ring dosimeter can be ______, thus making the device somewhat _______.

Answer 70

Reused; cost-effective

Question 71

__________ monitors indicate whether group of OSL dosimeters may have been exposed to radiation in transit to or from a health care facility.

Answer 71

Control

Question 72

The front of the white paper packet of the OSL dosimeter may be color coded to facilitate correct ________ and ________of the dosimeter on the body of occupationally exposed personnel.

Answer 72

Usage; placement

Question 73

A record of radiation exposure should be part of the _________ record of all radiation workers.

Answer 73

Employment

Question 74

An OSL dosimeter is not effective as a monitoring device if it is not _____

Answer 74

Worn

Question 75

Ionizing radiation causes the LiF sensing material in the TLD ring dosimeter to undergo changes in some of their _________ properties.

Answer 75

Physical

Question 76

The OSL dosimeter provides an accurate reading as low as 10 uSv (1 mrem) for x-rays and gamma-ray photons with energies ranging from ________keV to ________MeV.

Answer 76

5; 40

Question 77

All components of an OSL dosimeter are sealed inside a tamperproof _______ blister packet.

Answer 77

Plastic