Science > Chapter 5 Semester 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Semester 2 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Organism

A

A living thing

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2
Q

Species

A

a group of living organisms capable of interbreeding with each other but not with members of other species

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3
Q

Population

A

A group of the same organisms living in the same area at the same time

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4
Q

Community

A

A group of different populations living the same area

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

Communities of organisms that interact with each other and their environment

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6
Q

Ecology

A

The study of organisms

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7
Q

Producers

A

A organism at the base of the food chain that does not need to to feed on other organisms; also known as autotroph

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8
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down organic matter into inorganic materials

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9
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The making food process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun

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10
Q

Autotrophs

A

Self feeders

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11
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Other feeders

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12
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that rely on other organisms food

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13
Q

Herbivore

A

Animals that can only eat vegetables

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14
Q

Primary consumers

A

The first consumers on the food chain; also know as a first order consumer

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15
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that only eat other animals

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16
Q

Omnivore

A

Animals that plants and other animals

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17
Q

Detritivores

A

Animals that feeds on and breaks down plants and animal matter

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18
Q

Ecological niche

A

The position of a species or population in its ecosystem in relation to each other

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19
Q

Competition

A

The struggle among organisms for food, territory and other factors

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

an interaction in which one species (the parasite) lives in or on another species (the host) from which it obtains food, shelter and other requirements

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21
Q

Interspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of the same species

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22
Q

Mutualism

A

relationship between two different organisms in which both benefit

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23
Q

Commensalism

A

relationship between organisms where one benefits and the other is unaffected

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24
Q

Infraspecific competition

A

competition between organisms of different species

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25
Prey and predator relationship
Relationship between organisms in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey)
26
Symbiotic
Very close relationship between two organisms of different species. It may benefit or harm one of the partners
27
Distribution
The area inhabited by a plant or animal
28
Density
The number of species living within a area
29
Biotic factors
Living things (organisms) in a ecosystem
30
Abiotic factors
Non living organisms in a ecosystem
31
Tolerance range
range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive
32
Optimum range
the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best
33
Biodiversity
the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular are
34
Sampling methods
techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem
35
Transects
a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
36
Quadrats
a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
37
Mark, release and rapture
sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species
38
Distribution
The area inhabited by a plant or animal
39
Density
The number of species living within a area
40
Biotic factors
Living things (organisms) in a ecosystem
41
Abiotic factors
Non living organisms in a ecosystem
42
Tolerance range
range of an abiotic factor in the environment in which an organism can survive
43
Optimum range
the range, within a tolerance range for a particular abiotic factor, in which an organism functions best
44
Biodiversity
the variety of species of biological organisms, often in relation to a particular are
45
Sampling methods
techniques used to determine the density and distribution of various populations and communities within an ecosystem
46
Transects
a sampling area along a straight line in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
47
Quadrats
a sampling area, often one square metre, in which the number of organisms in that area is counted and recorded
48
Mark, release and rapture
sampling method used to determine the abundance of mobile species
49
Chemosynthetic
describes organisms that produce organic material using energy released from chemical reactions rather than light
50
Food chain
diagram that shows how the energy stored in one organism is passed to another
51
Food web
diagram showing several food chains joined together to demonstrate that animals eat more than one type of food
52
Trophic level
A level within a food chain, food web or food pyramid
53
First order consumer
organism that is within the second trophic level of a food chain (herbivores); also known as a primary consumer
54
Primary consumer
The first consumer in a food chain
55
Second order consumer
organism that is within the third trophic level of a food chain (carnivores); also known as a secondary consumer
56
Secondary consumer
the second consumer in a food chain; also known as a second-order consumer
57
Energy pyramid
a representation of the level of food energy at each level within a food chain
58
Pyramid of numbers
a representation of the population, or numbers of organisms, at each level within a food chain
59
Pyramid of biomass
a representation of the dry mass of organisms at each level within a food chain
60
Birth rate
the number of organisms within a population that are born within a particular period of time
61
Death rate
the number of organisms within a population that die within a particular period of time
62
Emigration
The number of individuals living in a area
63
Exponential growth
a rapid increase in number or size, represented by a J-shaped graph
64
Sigmoid
the shape of a graph that shows a population increasing in number then reaching a plateau
65
Equilibrium
a state in which conditions are balanced and there is neither growth nor a decrease in number; also known as steady state or plateau phase
66
Zero population growth
the point at which birth and death rates balance each other out
67
Carrying capacity
the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain
68
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
69
Insecticide
A chemical used to kill insects
70
Fungicides
a chemical used to kill fungal growth
71
Herbicides
a chemical used to kill unwanted plants (weeds)
72
Fumigants
a chemical used in the form of smoke or fumes, to kill pests
73
Bioaccumulation
magnification of concentrations of a substance such as a nonbiodegradable pesticide along the food chain; also known as biological magnification
74
Introduced species
an organism that has been released into an ecosystem in which it does not occur naturally
75
Nocturnal
A organism that is awake and hunting at night and is asleep during the day
76
Thermoreceptors
special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature
77
Xerophytes
plant that is adapted to survive in deserts and other dry habitats
78
Ephermeral
Lasting for a very short time
79
Perennial
Lasting for three years
80
Drought tolerant
Able to tolerate a period of time without water
81
Drought resistant
able to store water and hence tolerate long periods of time without water
82
Eutrophication
a form of water pollution involving an excess of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphorus, resulting in algal blooms and possible death of fish and other organisms
83
Nocturnal
They are always awake at night
84
Thermoreceptors
special cells located in your skin, part of your brain and body core that are sensitive to temperature

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