Chapter 5 Shoulder

Question 1

what do the axioscapular muscles do?

Answer 1

anchor the scapula to the posterior vertebral column and rib cage (axial skeleton)
- move the scapula in its movements

Question 2

axioscapular muscles (5)

Answer 2

• trapezius
• levator scapulae and rhomboids
• serratus anterior
• pectoralis minor
• rhomboids

Question 3

4 primary motions of the scapula in the frontal plane + transverse plane

Answer 3

• elevation
• depression
• abduction (protraction)
• adduction (retraction)
  
  • upward rotation
  • downward rotation

Question 4

protraction of the scapula =

Answer 4

abduction with anterior tilt

Question 5

retraction of the scapula =

Answer 5

adduction with posterior tilt

Question 6

upward rotation of the scapula =

Answer 6

elevation with abduction

Question 7

downward rotation of the scapula =

Answer 7

depression with adduction

Question 8

synergists

Question 9

force couples

Question 10

rotator cuff muscles (4)

Answer 10

• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus
• subscapularis
• teres minor

Question 11

scapulohumeral muscles (4)

Answer 11

• rotator cuff
• deltoid
• teres major
• coracobrachialis (don’t really need to know within the group?)

Question 12

what do the scapulohumeral muscles do?

Answer 12

connect the scapula to the proximal humerus

Question 13

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

Answer 13

create an anatomical cuff around the shoulder joint, enveloping the humeral head almost in its entirety (not really inferiorly)
- maintains functional integrity of GH joint
- promotes rotational movement at the GH joint

Question 14

scapular dyskinesis

Answer 14

an alteration in the resting or active position of the scapula

Question 15

scapular winging

Answer 15

weakness of the serratus anterior (is not stabilized against the rib cage)

Question 16

subacromial impingement

Answer 16

compression of the soft tissues between the acromion and humeral head

Question 17

thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Answer 17

the nerves of the brachial plexus become compressed between the clavicle and pectoralis minor insertion (slouched posture can be a cause)

Question 18

glenohumeral subluxation

Answer 18

the humeral head partially dislocates inferiorly due to hemiparesis causing gravity to pull downward on the arm without opposition from muscle force

Question 19

bicipital tendinitis

Answer 19

inflammation of the long head of the biceps due to repetitive shoulder flexion and rotator cuff weakness

Question 20

glenohumeral joint dislocation

Answer 20

• repetitive activities involving end-range glenohumeral motion can elongate the joint capsule
• force through the proximal humerus in a closed-chain weight bearing position can lead to dislocation
• the labrum can also be damaged

Question 21

the thumb should always be :

Answer 21

UP!!!- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus

Question 22

don’t forget… what position should the thumb be in???

Answer 22

UP!!!

Question 23

joints of the shoulder (4)

Answer 23

• scapulothoracic joint (
• sternoclavicular joint (
• acromioclavicular joint (
• glenohumeral joint (

Question 24

acromioclavicular joint

Answer 24

• gliding
• biaxial
• anterior/ posterior & superior/ inferior gliding

Question 25

sternoclavicular joint

Answer 25

- saddle OR ball-and-socket - triaxial - don't need to know all the movements

Question 26

scapulothoracic joint

Answer 26

- atypical - atypical - gliding, rotation, tilt (all movements within these)

Question 27

glenohumeral (shoulder) joint

Answer 27

- ball-and-socket - triaxial - all movements

Question 28

the infraspinatus and teres minor are responsible for :

Answer 28

external rotation of the humerus

Question 29

the supraspinatus is responsible for :

Answer 29

abduction of the humerus

Question 30

the subscapularis is responsible for :

Answer 30

internal rotation of the humerus

Question 31

the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles form a _______ that allows them to pull in _______ directions to achieve the ______ motion

Answer 31

- force couple - different - same

Question 32

most shoulders dislocate in a _____ direction

Answer 32

anterior