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Kinesiology > Chapter 5 - Shoulder Complex > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - Shoulder Complex Flashcards

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1
Q

Shoulder Complex

A

involves the sternum, clavicle, ribs, scapula, and humerus

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2
Q

osteologic features of the sternum

A

manubrium
clavicular facets
costal facets
jugular notch

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3
Q

osteologic features of the clavicle

A 
shaft
sternal end
costal facet
costal tuberosity
acromial end
acromial facet
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4
Q

muscle attachments of the sternum

A

pectoralis major
subclavius
part of sternocleidomastoid

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5
Q

muscle attachments to the clavicle

A

pectoralis major
sternocleidomastoid
anterior deltoid
upper trapezius

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6
Q

orientation of the clavicle

A

about 20 degrees posterior to frontal plane

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7
Q

orientation of the scapula

A

deviated about 35 degrees anterior to the frontal plane

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8
Q

retroversion of the humeral head

A

about 30 degrees posterior to the medial-lateral axis at the elbow

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9
Q

attached to the coracoid process

A 
short head of biceps 
coracobrachialis
pectoralis minor
trapezoid ligament
conoid ligament
coracohumeral ligament
coracoacromial ligament
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10
Q

attachments to superior part of humerus

A

Greater tubercle = supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
lesser tubercle = subscapularis
pectoralis major - latissimus dorsi - teres major
deltiod
coracobrachialis

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11
Q

osteologic features of the proximal-to-mid humerus

A 
head
anatomic neck
lesser tubercle
greater tubercle
facets on greater tubercle
intertubercular groove
deltoid tuberosity
radial groove
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12
Q

shaft of humerus to humeral head comparison

A

135 degree angle of inclination

30 degree retroversion of the humeral head relative to the distal humerus

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13
Q

Primary movements of scapulothoracic joint

A

elevation & depression
protraction & retraction
upward & downward rotation

(pictures pg. 14 Ch 5)

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14
Q

Movements of the sternoclavicular joint

A

Elevation & Depression(frontal plane)
Protraction & depression(horizontal plane)
Axial rotation(sagittal plane)

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15
Q

structures stabilizing the SC joint

A

capsule
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
interclavicular ligament
costoclavicular ligament
articular disc
sternocleidomastoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, subclavius

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16
Q

elevation of the clavicle

A

convex surface rolls superiorly and slides inferiorly

- costoclavicular ligament helps limit

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17
Q

depression of clavicle

A

convex surface rolls inferiorly and slides superiorly

- stretches the interclavicular ligament and superior capsule

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18
Q

retraction of clavicle

A

concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides posteriorly on the convex sternum

  • stretch anterior costoclavicular ligament and anterior capsule
  • 15-30 degrees
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19
Q

protraction of the clavicle

A

concave surface of clavicle rolls and slides anteriorly on convex surface of sternum

  • stretch posterior of costoclavicular ligament, posterior capsule, scapular retractor muscles
  • 15-30 degrees
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20
Q

axial rotation of the clavicle

A

longitudinal rotation

  • occurs during shoulder abduction or flexion
  • 20-35 rotation
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21
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

3 degrees of freedom

  • plane joint
  • upwards & downward rotation
  • horizontal plane rotational adjustments(scapula rotates)
  • sagittal plane rotational adjustments(scapula rotates anterior/posterior)
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22
Q

tissues that stabilize the AC joint

A 
superior and inferior AC joint capsular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligament(trapezoid and conoid)
     - supports weight of upper extremity
articular disc(when present)
deltoid and upper trapezius
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23
Q

upward rotation of AC joint

A

occurs as scapula swings upwardly and outwardly

  • component of shoulder abduction or flexion
  • 30 degrees
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24
Q

downward rotation of AC joint

A
  • component of shoulder adduction or extension
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25
horizontal plane adjustments of the AC joint
evident as the medial border of the scapula pivots away and toward the posterior surface of the thorax(internal and external rotation)
26
sagittal plane adjustments of AC joint
medial-lateral axis | - inferior angle pivots away or toward the posterior surface of the thorax(anterior tilting and posterior tilting)
27
scapulothoracic joint
between anterior surface of scapula and posterior-lateral wall of thorax - separated by subscapularis, serratus anterior, erector spinae
28
scapulathoracic elevation
elevation at SC joint and downward rotation at AC joint
29
scapulothoracic protration
protraction at SC joint and slight IR at AC joint
30
scapulothoracic retraction
retraction at SC joint and slight ER at AC joint
31
scapulothoracic upward rotation
elevation at the SC joint and upward rotation at AC joint
32
Scapulothoracic downward rotation
depression at SC joint and downward rotation at the AC joint
33
glenohumeral joint
3 degrees of freedom - abduction and adduction(frontal) - flexion and extension(sagittal) - IR and ER(horizontal) - humeral head is directed medially and superiorly, as well as posteriorly(scapular plane)
34
axillary pouch
slackened or redundant recess that is the inferior portion of the GH capsule
35
subluxation
incomplete separation of articular surfaces, followed by spontaneous realignment
36
dislocation
complete separation of articular surfaces without spontaneous realignment
37
passive mechanisms
1) restraint provided by capsule, ligaments, labrum, tendons 2) mechanical support predicated on scapulothoracic posture 3) negative intrascapsular pressure
38
GH ligaments
``` superior glenohumeral ligament middle glenohumeral ligament inferior glenohumeral ligament - anterior band and posterior band - connected axillary pouch ```
39
superior glenohumeral ligament
stretched with adduction | - inferior and anterior-posterior translations of the humeral head
40
middle glenohumeral ligament
stretched with anterior translation - 45-60 degrees of abduction - external rotation
41
inferior GH ligament(axillary pouch)
stretched with 90 degrees of abduction | - combined with anterior-posterior and inferior translations
42
inferior GH ligament(anterior band)
stretched with 90 degrees of abduction - full ER - anterior translation
43
inferior GH ligament(posterior band)
stretched with 90 degrees of abduction | - full IR
44
coracohumeral ligament
stretched with adduction - inferior translation - ER
45
rotator cuff muscles
subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
46
rotator interval
between supraspinatus and subscapularis - filled by tendon long head of biceps and coracohumeral ligament - common site for anterior dislocation
47
tissues that reinforce/deepen the GH joint
``` joint capsule and capsular ligaments coracohumeral ligament rotator cuff muscles long head of biceps glenoid labrum ```
48
subacromial space
supraspinatus muscle and tendon subacromial bursa long head of biceps part of the superior capsule
49
subacromial bursa
between supraspinatus and undersurface of the acromion
50
subdeltoid bursa
limits friction forces between the deltoid and supraspinatus tendon and humeral head
51
GH joint abduction
humeral head rolling superiorly and sliding inferiorly
52
1st kinematic principle of shoulder abduction
full arc of nearly 180 degrees is result of simultaneous 120 degrees abduction and 60 degrees of scapulothoracic upward rotation
53
2nd principle of abduction
60 degrees of upward rotation of scapula during full abduction is result of simultaneous elevation of clavicle at SC joint combined with upward rotation of scapula at the AC joint
54
3rd principle of abduction
clavicle retracts at the SC joint during full shoulder abduction
55
4th principle of abduction
during full abduction, scapula posteriorly tilts and externally rotates
56
5th principle of abduction
clavicle rotates posteriorly around its own long axis
57
6th principle of abduction
humerus naturally externally rotates during shoulder abduction
58
axillary nerve
C5, C6 | deltoid and teres minor
59
thoracodorsal
C6-C8 | latissimus dorsi
60
upper subscapular
C5, C6 | upper subscapularis
61
lower subscapular
C5, C6 | lower subscapularis
62
lateral pectoral
C5-C7 | pectoralis major
63
medial pectoral
C8, T1 | pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
64
suprascapular
C5, C6 | supraspinatus and infraspinatus
65
subclavian
C5,C6 | subclavius
66
dorsal scapular
C5 rhomboid major and minor levator scapula
67
long thoracic
C5-C7 | serratus anterior
68
Scapulothoracic joint Elevators
upper trapezius levator scapulae rhomboids
69
Scapulothoracic joint depressors
lower trapezius latissimus dorsi pectoralis minor subclavius
70
scapulothoracic joint protractors
serratus anterior
71
scapulothoracic joint retractors
middle trapezius rhomboids lower trapezius
72
scapulothoracic joint upward rotators
serratus anterior | upper and lower trapezius
73
scapulothoracic joint downward rotators
rhomboids | pectoralis minor
74
abduction of GH joint
anterior deltoid middle deltoid supraspinatus
75
flexion of GH joint
anterior deltoid coracobrachialis long head of biceps brachii
76
IR of the GH joint
``` subscapularis anterior deltoid pectoralis major latissimus dorsi teres major ```
77
ER of the GH joint
infraspinatus teres minor posterior deltoid
78
Possible causes of shoulder impingement syndrome
1) abnormal kinematics at GH joint and scapulothoracic joints 2) "slouched" posture 3) fatigue, weakness, poor control, or tightness of muscles 4) inflammation and swelling of tissues within subacromial space 5) excessive wear and degeneration of tendons of rotator cuff muscles 6) instability of GH joint 7) adhesions within inferior GH joint capsule 8) excessive tightness of posterior capsule 9) osteophytes forming around the AC joint 10) abnormal shape of the acromion or coracoacromial arch

Kinesiology (8 decks)

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