Chapter 5- Skeletal System

Question 1

The bones that form the longitudal axis of the body is..

Answer 1

Axial skeleton

Question 2

the bones of the limbs and girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton form the…

Answer 2

Appendicular skeleton

Question 3

The skeletal system includes..

Answer 3

Bones
Joints
Cartilages
Ligaments

Question 4

What are the 5 functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 4

Support
Protection
Movement
Storage
Blood cell formation

Question 5

What type of tissue is bone tissue?

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Question 6

What are the 2 types of bone tissue?

Answer 6

Compact Bone

Spongy Bone

Question 7

Define the Structure: Compact bone

Answer 7

Is dense, looks smooth and is homeogenous

Question 8

Define the Structure: Spongy bone

Answer 8

Is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space

Question 9

What are the 4 classifications of bones

Answer 9

1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Irregular

Question 10

Give examples of: Long Bones

Answer 10

Arm bones- radius, ulna, humerus

Leg bones- femur, tibia, fibula

Question 11

Give examples of: Short bones

Answer 11

Wrist bones- carpals, metacarpals

Ankle bones- tarsals, metatarsals

Question 12

Give a example of: Sesamoid bone

Answer 12

Patella

Question 13

Give examples of: Flat bones

Answer 13

Ribs, Sternum and most bones of the skull

Question 14

Give examples of: Irregular bones

Answer 14

Vertebrae

Hip bones

Question 15

Name the 4 types of Bone Cells

Answer 15

1. Osteogenic cells
2. Osteocytes
3. Osteoblasts
4. Osteoclasts

Question 16

Define: Osteogenic cells

Answer 16

Actively dividing stem cells within the periosteum and endosteum

Question 17

Define: Osteocytes

Answer 17

Mature bone cells

Question 18

Define: Osteoblasts

Answer 18

Bone forming cells

Question 19

Define: Osteoclasts

Answer 19

Giant bone destroying cells

Question 20

What cells are used for Bone Remodelling?

Answer 20

Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts

Question 21

Define: Ossification

Answer 21

Process of bone formation

Question 22

Define: Appositional growth

Answer 22

Process by which bones increase in diameter

Question 23

Bones are remodelled in response to changes in 2 factors, these are..

Answer 23

1. Calcium levels in the blood

2. the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton

Question 24

Name the 3 types of Treatments for Bone Fractures

Answer 24

1. Reduction
2. Closed reduction
3. Open reducton

Question 25

Define: Reduction

Answer 25

the realignment of the broken bone ends

Question 26

Define: Closed reduction

Answer 26

the bones are coaxed back into position by hand

Question 27

Define: Open reduction

Answer 27

Surgery- bone ends are secured together with pins or wires

Question 28

Bone Fracture: a break that does not penetrate the skin is..

Answer 28

Closed (simple) Fracture

Question 29

Bone Fracture: a broken bone penetrates through the skin

Answer 29

Open (compound) Fracture

Question 30

Name the bones of the Axial Skeleton

Answer 30

Skull Vertebral column Thoracic cage

Question 31

Name the number of Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 31

7

Question 32

Name the number of Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 32

12

Question 33

Name the number of Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 33

5

Question 34

The Function of: Intervertebral discs

Answer 34

Cushion the vertebrae Absorbs shocks Allows flexibility

Question 35

Name the 2 regions of Primary Curvatures

Answer 35

Thoracic region | Sacral region

Question 36

Name the 2 regions of Secondary Curvatures

Answer 36

Cervical region | Lumbar region

Question 37

What are the 5 regions of the Vertebral Column

Answer 37

``` Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coxics ```

Question 38

What parts are the hip bone formed by?

Answer 38

ilium ischium pubis

Question 39

Articulations are?

Answer 39

joints

Question 40

The Function: joints

Answer 40

1. hold bone together securely | 2. give the rigid skeleton mobility

Question 41

What are the 3 functional classifications of Joints?

Answer 41

1. Synarthroses 2. Amphiarthroses 3. Diarthroses

Question 42

Define: Synarthroses

Answer 42

immovable joints

Question 43

Define: Amphiarthroses

Answer 43

Slightly moveable joints

Question 44

Define: Diarthroses

Answer 44

Freely movable joints

Question 45

What are the 2 subdivisions f the skeleton

Answer 45

Axial skeleton | Appendicular skeleton