Chapter 5 Study Guide

Question 1

Declaration of Independence

Answer 1

Limit Government Power & Protect Individual Rights

Question 2

Revolutionary War

Answer 2

War between US & Great Britain

Question 3

Age of Reason

Answer 3

Enlightenment

Question 4

Magna Carta

Answer 4

King follows same laws as the people

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

Pioneered ideas of natural law & social contract

Question 6

Idea of Equality & Liberty

Answer 6

Natural Rights

Question 7

Social Contract

Answer 7

Contract that exists between political ruler and the people they ruled

Question 8

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 8

Idea of Separation of Power

Question 9

Government w/ multiple parts that have their own rights, powers & privileges

Answer 9

Separation of Power

Question 10

Examples of Early Self Government

Answer 10

Virginia House of Burgesses
Mayflower Compact
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Question 11

Example of American Model of Self Government - Constitution

Answer 11

House of Burgesses

Question 12

State Constitution

Answer 12

Designed to keep leaders from gaining too much power; created limited government

Question 13

Formed in 1639; Stated powers & limits of government

Answer 13

Fundamental Order of Connecticut

Question 14

Right to Vote

Answer 14

Suffrage

Question 15

1st Central Government in US

Answer 15

Articles of Confederation

Question 16

Type of government where states have more power than central government

Answer 16

Confederation

Question 17

Limited government power to protect the liberties of the people

Answer 17

Weakness of the Articles of Confederation

Question 18

Congress became single branch of national government; ended the war

Answer 18

Strength of Articles of Confederation

Question 19

Official Approval

Answer 19

Ratify

Question 20

Northwest Territory

Answer 20

Areas compiled of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota & Wisconsin

Question 21

Land Ordinance of 1785

Answer 21

System Surveying & Dividing Western Lands

Question 22

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 22

Legislation passed by congress to establish political structure for the northwest territory & system for admission for new states

Question 23

Example of Trade/Economic Problem

Answer 23

Debt & Inflation - money printed by each state

Question 24

Taxes on Imported Goods

Answer 24

Tariffs

Question 25

Trade between 2 or more States

Answer 25

Commerce

Question 26

Inflation

Answer 26

Increased prices for good and services combined with the reduced value of money

Question 27

Depression

Answer 27

Period of low economic activity combined with rise in unemployment

Question 28

Shays Rebellion

Answer 28

Farmer revolt to protest high taxes and debt

Question 29

Independence Hall/ Constitutional Convention

Answer 29

Location where the convention was held in Philadelphia to approve Articles of Confederation

Question 30

Delegate that served in state legislature and congress

Answer 30

James Madison

Question 31

Invented lightning rod & helped draft declaration of independence

Answer 31

Benjamin Franklin

Question 32

Revolutionary War Hero & 1st President

Answer 32

George Washington

Question 33

Opposed a stronger central government

Answer 33

Patrick Henry

Question 34

Who did not attend the Convention?

Answer 34

John Adams Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry

Question 35

Proposed a new federal constitution to give sovereignty or supreme power to central government

Answer 35

Edmund Randolph

Question 36

Majority Rule

Answer 36

Popular Sovereignty

Question 37

Bi-Cameral

Answer 37

2 House of Legislative Branch

Question 38

Proportional Representation

Answer 38

Allowed larger states to receive more say bc they had more people

Question 39

New Jersey Plan

Answer 39

One House (unicameral) Legislature; provides each state an equal number of votes for equal voice in government

Question 40

Authored New Jersey Plan

Answer 40

William Patterson

Question 41

Equal Representation

Answer 41

Equal Votes/Power

Question 42

Great Compromise

Answer 42

Creation of bicameral legislature with one house based on population and the other based on equality

Question 43

Signed Constitution

Answer 43

Roger Sherman

Question 44

3/5 Compromise

Answer 44

Agreement that counted only 3 of every 5 salves toward the state's population

Question 45

Government to tax imports but not exports to help compete with England

Answer 45

Commerce Compromise

Question 46

Federalism

Answer 46

Sharing of power between the central government and its states

Question 47

Supremacy Clause

Answer 47

Every state must obey the authority of the national/ federal government

Question 48

Makes Laws

Answer 48

Legislative Branch

Question 49

Enforces Laws

Answer 49

Executive Branch

Question 50

Judicial Branch

Answer 50

Interprets Law

Question 51

Federalist

Answer 51

Support Constitution; Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay

Question 52

Anti Federalist

Answer 52

Oppose Constitution; George Mason bc there was no guarantee for individual rights

Question 53

Federalist Papers

Answer 53

Essays to support the constitution

Question 54

Propoganda

Answer 54

Biased material to help or harm a cause

Question 55

Higher Law

Answer 55

No law can be enforced unless it conforms with moral principles

Question 56

Bill of Rights

Answer 56

1st 10 amendments to consitution

Question 57

Alaska Purchase

Answer 57

Land purchased from Russia 1867