Chapter 5: Taxonomy/Natural Selection Flashcards
Who is the most influential contributor to our current ideas of evolution?
Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
The Origin of Species is…
A book Charles Darwin made describing evidence for changes in species over time and presented a mechanism, natural selection, for these changes occurred.
Define Evolution
The process by which different kinds of living organisms are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of earth.
What is natural selection?
The result of differential reproductive success of individuals caused by variations in their inherited characterises
Who made the first theory with mechanism?
Lamark
What was Lamark theory about?
Spontaneous generation
- The belief that living things arose from non-living matter
- A “force” or “desire” led them to change for the better
What is the term “Lamarckism” means
The false concept of inheritance of features acquired during the life an individua;
What part of Lamark theory was true with current day theory?
Environment played a role in driving evolutionary
Divergent Evolution of Darwin's Finches with birds, he found multiple different types of beaks on birds. What was the purpose of a 1. Long thin Pointy beak 2. Long wide beak 3. Big short beak 3 Marks
- Grasping, probing beak eats insects
- Long pointed beak chisels through tree bark to find insects. A tool
- Parrot like beak eats fruit
The evolutionary modifications of organisms that are the result of natural selection are called…
Adaption
What does adaption do?
Gives an organism a better chance of survival
The beaks of Darwin’s Finches are adaptations….
For feeding on different food items
What is a Homologous Feature?
Feature with the similar structures but different functions
What is a Analogous Feature?
Feature that are similar in appearance and function but don’t seem to have the same evolutionary orgin
The process of SPECIATION by natural selection requires 4 thing…
4 Marks
- Isolation
- Variation
- A struggle for Survival
- Survival of the fittest
What is isolation?
Barriers that lead to speciation can be geographical or biological
What is geographic/habitat Allopatric isolation?
When two populations of the same species live in entirely different habits
What is Behavioral isolation?
Each species may use different singles to attract a mate
What is Temporal isolation?
Two similar population mate at different times of the year
What is variation?
Variation of individuals in a population
What is the struggle of survival?
population interacting with the natural selection factors
What is the SURIVAL OF THE FITTEST?
The adaptions that individuals possess influence their probility of survival.
In the late 1800’s, Moths encountered a change in species by truing a different colour. This is an example of…
Industrial Melanism
Why were moths truing a different color?
Pollution
