Chapter 5 Test Flashcards
(31 cards)
the fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece
Polis
fortified mountain top
acropolis
a government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families
aristocracy
a government ruled by a few powerful people
oligarchy
rule by the people
democracy
a fearsome formation
phalanx
wars between Greece and Persian Empire
Persian Wars
the greatest story teller
Homer
a narrative poem that celebrates heroic deeds
epic
traditional stories
myths
a form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives
direct democracy
values of harmony, order, balance, and proportion that became the standard
classical art
serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal
tragedy
a war between Athens and Sparta;
Peloponnesian War
“lovers of wisdom”
philosophers
a student of Socrates who wrote down the conversations between the two
Plato
philosopher who questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge
Aristotle
he dreamed of taking control of Greece and then moving to Persia to seize its vast wealth; he also hoped to avenge the Persian invasion of Greece
King Phillip II
located just north of Greece; had rough terrain and cold climates
Macedonia
Persian King
Darius III
when Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences
Hellenistic culture
an Egyptian city that became the foremost center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
Alexandria
a highly regarded mathematician who taught in Alexandria; his work is still the basis for geometry today
Euclid
important Hellenistic scientist who studied at Alexandria, accurately estimated the value of pi; explained the law of the lever; invented a screw
Archimedes
