chapter 5 the structure and fuction of large bio molecules Flashcards
(24 cards)
polymer
long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
monomer
reaping units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer
dehydration reaction
monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other, with the loss of a water molecule
hydrolysis
reverse or dyhydration reactions. dehydration using water
carbohydrages
include both sugars and polymers or sugars
monosccharides
generally have molecular formulas that are some multipe of the unit CH2O
disaccharide
consisting of two monosaccarides joined by a glycpsidic linkage
polysaccharides
macrmoculecules, polymers with a few hundred to a few thousand monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage
starch
a polymer of glucose monomers
cellulose
major component of the touch walls
glycogen
a polymers of glucose, like armoglupectin but more extensively branched
chitin
a carbohydrate used by arthropods to build ex sekeliton
lipid
mix poorly with water
fats
constructed from two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids
saturated fatty acid
saturated with hydrogen
unsaturated fatty acid
1 or more double bonds with 1 few hydrogen atom on each double bonded carbon
phospholipids
a lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group
protein
a biologically functional molecule that consists or one or more polypeptides, each folding and coiled into specific 3D structure
polypeptide
polymers of amino acids
amino acids
an organic molecule possessing both carboxyl and an amino group
denaturation
protein begins to unravel and lose its native shape
nucleic acids
polymers made of monomers called nucleotides
DNA
a double helix , relcal nucleic acid molecule, consisting of moleotide monomers with adeoxyrobose sugar and the nitrogenous bases
RNA
a type pf nucleic acid consisting of a polynucetide made up of neculetide monomers with a ribose sugar and nitrogenous bases
