Chapter 5-Therapeutics

Question 1

Gauze is used for what type of injuries?

Answer 1

Open wounds. non stick variety is common for burns.

Question 2

Occlusive dressing is used for?

Answer 2

Covering an IV site.

Question 3

Gauze roller bandage used for?

Answer 3

Stabilizing impaled objects

Question 4

Triangular bandages are used for ?

Answer 4

Supporting injured extremities. Secure splints and hold dressings in place.

Question 5

Eye dressing is used for?

Answer 5

Protecting an injured eye from additional damage

Question 6

Tensor bandage used for?

Answer 6

Supporting injured extremities, caring for sprains and strains.

Question 7

Trauma dressing is for?

Answer 7

Large, open wounds.

Question 8

Burn dressing used for?

Answer 8

Burn care

Question 9

Nasal cannula liters per min?

Answer 9

1-6 LPM

Question 11

Non re-breather litres per min?

Answer 11

11LPM

Question 13

Bag valve mask LPM?

Answer 13

15LPM

Question 14

What’s a hypotonic fluid?

Answer 14

Hypotonic fluid has lower solute concentration than the cell, this will cause fluid to shift from bloodstream to cells-rehydrating them. EX:0.45% Sodium chloride saline (half of normal saline) give to patients if they have hypernatrimia (high sodium levels)

Question 15

What’s is oxygen carrying solution

Answer 15

Artificial blood substitutes used to transport oxygen in the blood. Potentially sub to blood transfusions. Ex-hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC’s)

Question 16

Crystalloid solution is what?

Answer 16

A type of IV solution, containing small water soluble molecules. Like electrolytes that freely distribute throughout the body’s fluid compartments. Ex- Isotonic and hypertonic solutions.

Question 17

Colloid solutions are what?

Answer 17

Primarily used for volume expansion in situations where rapid fluid resuscitation is needed. Ex-burns and severe hemorrhage.
•Can rapidly expand intravascular volume and maintain BP.
•contains large molecules(protein &starch)
•remains primarily within intravascular space due to its larger particles. Prevents it from passing through capillary membranes.

Question 18

Isotonic solutions are what?

Answer 18

Is a solution with salt concentration that is exactly equal to that of the blood cells. Ex- normal saline (0.9%)
Commonly given to: replace fluid loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
Clean wounds without damaging cells.

Question 19

Hypertonic solutions are?

Answer 19

Has MORE solute than hypo, moves out of the cell and into the bloodstream. Ex-3% saline
Useful to reduce swelling in brain ICP (intracranial pressure)
•Osmotic gradient pulls fluids out of Brain tissue and into blood vessels thereby lowering ICP.

Question 20

Adult CPR (anyone 12+yo)

Answer 20

•Hand position: two hands on sternum
•compression depth: 2inches
•one responder cycle: 30:2
•2 responder cycle: 30:2
•compression rate(BPM): 100-120

Question 21

Neonate cpr (birth-28days old)

Answer 21

•Hand position: Two fingers on sternum
•Compression depth: 1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle: 3:1
•two responder cycle: 3:1
•Compression rate(BPM): 100-120

Question 22

CPR child (age 1-12)

Answer 22

•Hand position: one or two hands on sternum.
•Compression depth: 1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle: 30:2
•2 responder cycle: 15:2
Compression rate(BPM); 100-120

Question 23

CPR infant (under 1yo)

Answer 23

•Hand position: 2 fingers on sternum.
•Compression depth:1/3rd chest depth
•one responder cycle:30:2
•2 responder cycle: 15:2
•Compression rate(BPM): 100-120

Question 24

Stridor is what?

Answer 24

High pitched noise, primarily during inhalation 🫁 indicative of a blockage in the upper airway.
Examples include.
Croup, epiglottitis, inhalation burn, anaphylaxis and foreign body obstruction

Question 25

Crackles (Rales) is what?

Answer 25

Popping/crackling noise, often heard during inhalation 🫁 suggests fluid in the lungs. Examples. Early onset pneumonia (uni lateral lung sounds) Bilateral lung sounds, high BP, w pink frothy sputum (congestive heart failure)

Question 26

Absent/decreased breath sounds is what?

Answer 26

On one lung side may be pneumothorax. Or can be severe Asthma, anaphylaxis or COPD, airways that are so tight you hear nothing (absent chest)

Question 27

Ronchi means?

Answer 27

Low pitched, Often heard during exhalation 🫁 Hyper secretion of mucus or infection in lungs (green/yellow color) Suggests pneumonia.

Question 28

Wheezing means what?

Answer 28

High pitched, whistle noise. often heard during exhalation 🫁 bronchoconstriction (tight lower airway) Asthma, anaphylaxis and copd are examples

Question 29

Pleural rub is what?

Answer 29

Grating sound often heard during both inhalation and exhalation 🫁 the inflamed lung rubs against the lung lining_.

Question 30

Closed chest wounds are often caused by blunt force trauma?

Answer 30

True!

Question 32

Crepitus is a sign of pelvic fracture

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Treatment plan for open wounds is ice, compression and elevate/splint?

Answer 33

No!!!! Open wounds need to be cleaned first to prevent infection. Then you can elevate and ice if needed.

Question 34

Patient has pen impailed in right eye, stabilize own and dress only right eye?

Answer 34

FALSE. You need to dress both eyes to prevent movement of the injured eye

Question 35

Acetaminophen has the same effect as ASA in reducing damage due to myocardial infarctions? (Heart attacks)

Answer 35

False, ASA thins blood, preventing blood clots from forming/growing. Acetaminophen doesn't offer the same benefits.

Question 36

Another name for pneumothorax is collapsed lungs 🫁

Answer 36

Correct!

Question 37

Steps to manage airway obstruction in an unconscious infant?

Answer 37

1)open baby's mouth look in airway, if you see object carefully remove it. 2) attempt to ventilate, if unsuccessful, reopen airway and attempt ventilation again 3) preform chest compressions 4)open airway in mouth, if you see object Remove it. Repeat steps 2-4 until successful or ALS arrives.

Question 39

What's a traction splint?

Answer 39

Applies constant steady pull to opposite ends of the extremities. Primarily used for femur fractures 🦴 🤕

Question 40

Soft splint?

Answer 40

Folded blankets or towels. typically a triangular bandage is used to secure dressings/splint in place. Most likely used on a joint injury like ankle or wrist.

Question 41

Rigid splint?

Answer 41

Hard, inflexible comes in a range of sizes

Question 42

Anatomical splint?

Answer 42

An arm immobilized against chest

Question 44

What's the most frequent cause of airway obstruction in unconscious adults?

Answer 44

Tongue 👅👅

Question 45

When epi pen has been administered how long do you hold it in place?

Answer 45

10 seconds

Question 46

When placing a pregnant patient on a supine board, typically in later stages of pregnancy. What precautions do you need to take?

Answer 46

Tilt board to left approx 15-30 degrees

Question 47

An EMR is treating an unconscious male who's unable to maintain his airway. An airway adjunct is necessary and EMR decides to insert OPA. Which should you do first?

Answer 47

Clear upper airway of all secretions (blood, vomit ect)

Question 48

What is your priority in helping an elderly woman who's lethargic and has a spo2 level of less than 92% on room air?

Answer 48

Administer high flow oxygen, typically a non re-breather (flow rate of 10-15lpm)

Question 49

What's the best for a patient you need to move who has a possible head injury?

Answer 49

Clothes drag.

Question 50

You start care for unresponsive and Choking female, your first ventilation isn't going in, you should??

Answer 50

Reposition the head, then attempt another ventilation.