Chapter 50: Drugs for Hypertension Flashcards
(42 cards)
what are the 4 risk factors for hypertension
- diabetes mellitus
- chronic kidney disease
- low level of consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables
- sedentary behaviour
out of office measurement of blood pressure is reccomended for all adults with
- high BP in office to rule out white coat hypertension
- suspected hypertension yo rule out masked hypertension
normal blood pressure
systolic BP <120 and diastolic BP < 80
elevated BP
systolic BP of 120-129 and diastolic <80
hypertension stage 1
systolic BP 130-139 or dialstolic 80-89
hypertesnion stage 2
systolic BP >140 or diastolic BP >90
what is the target blood pressure for someone with diabetes
<130
consequences of hypertension
- increased risk of stroke and ischemic heart disease mortality
- for every 20 systolic BP; risk of dying doubles
- for every 10 diastolic BP; risk doubles
Primary (essential) hypertension
- no identifiable cause
- chronic, progressive disorder
- population: older adults, african Canadians, postmenopausal women
- treated no cured
secondary hypertension
- identifiable primary cause
- possible to treat the cause directly
- some individuals can be cured (hypertension during pregnancy or a tumour)
masked hypertension
- patients BP is less than 140/90 in a medical setting but is hypertensive at home
white coat hypertension
- patients BP is less than 140/90 at home but is hypertensive in a medical setting
- associated with anxiety and nervousness
hypertension is a significant risk factor for
- cerebrovascular disease
- coronary artery disease
- heart failure
- renal failure
- peripheral vascular disease
- dementia
- atrial fibrillation
- kidney disease
major cardiovascular risk factors
- cigarette smoking
- physical inactivity
- dyslipidemia
- diabetes
- microalbuminuria
- advances age (older 55 men; older 65 women)
- family history
lifestyle modifications for hypertension
- sodium restriction
- DASH eating plan
- alcohol restriction
- aerobic exercise / weight reduction
- smoking cessation
- maintenance of potassium and calcium intake
- relaxation therapies
sodium intake should be
<2000 mg/day
how much physical activity should someone do
30-60 min 4-7 days/week
appropriate alcohol intakw
0-2 drinks per day
stress management
CBT and relaxation techniques
what is healthy BMI
18.5-24.9kg/m
healthy waist circumference
men <102cm
women <88cm
arterial pressure =
cardiac output x peripheral resistance
cardiac output is influenced by
- heart rate
- myocardial contractility
- blood volume
- venous return
what are the systems that help regulate blood pressure
- SNS: sympathetic baroreceptor reflex
- RAAS
- kidney: renal regulation of blood pressure
