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Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests > Chapter 51 > Flashcards

Chapter 51 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why might a stone be analyzed in a laboratory

A

Determine chemical makeup
p.736

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2
Q

Inspect _ with a tongue blade for presence of _ by pressing them against gauze when using a strainer made of wire?

A
  1. Blood clots 2. Stones
    p. 736. 51-1 box
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3
Q

The color, that bile is missing, often a sign of gallbladder disease in the colon?

A

Gray or Clay colored stool
p. 737

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4
Q

Consist of end products of metabolism and digestion of foods?

A

Solid waste products of digestion
p. 737

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5
Q

Daily _ includes noting characteristics of clients stool and changes or difficulties that the client reports?

A

Data gathering
p. 733

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6
Q

Gastrointestinal disorders may occur because of changes in _?

A

Bowel elimination
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7
Q

Identification of _ is necessary to determine correct treatment and prevent future stone formation?

A

Stone composition
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8
Q

What would need to be treated in order to determine how to handle calculi?

A

Bleeding
p. 736 51-1box

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9
Q

What three things will you need to report when finding a stone?

A

Size,number,and appearance

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10
Q

If a patient has a obstruction in the urinary tract this interferes with complete bladder emptying, the client might experience _ when voiding?

A

Dribbling of urine/ due to retention over flow

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11
Q

Abnormal urine and feces may indicate?

A

Bodily dysfunction (illness)

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12
Q

Urine is excreted from the?

A

Kidneys into the bladder and out the urethra

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13
Q

How much urine every 24/hrs does an adult excrete?

A

500- 2400mL
(1 mL of urine per kilogram of body weight per 1 hour)

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14
Q

Urine and feces are the waste products of ?

A

Urinary and digestive systems

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15
Q

Bacteria, blood, mucous shreds, or pus can cause urine to be?

A

Cloudy

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16
Q

Dehydration results in urine that is?

A

Dark amber/ orange- brown

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17
Q

Excretion of feces?

A

Defecation

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18
Q

Abnormal components in urine suggest?

A

Dysfunction or disease

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19
Q

When the body freely perspires due to hot weather, exercise, or fever the urine volume _?

A

Decreases

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20
Q

Most body fluids are slightly?

A

Alkaline

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21
Q

Relates to a persons size, bladder condition, hydration level, and other fluid gains or loses?

A

Total output

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22
Q

Normal urine has a _ of 1.010 - 1.025?

A

Specific gravity

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23
Q

Specific gravity of pure water is?

A

1.000

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24
Q

The adult voids _ to _ at a time?

A

250mL to 400mL

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25
A strong offensive odor after a fresh void could suggest an abnormality such as?
(UTI) urinary tract infection
26
Deficiency in body fluids leads to?
Dehydration
27
When a stone becomes lodged in a ureter the client experiences penetrating pain that is severe in the _ and also called _?
1. Lower back 2. Renal colic
28
Water and juices are best. Why should caffeinated drinks be avoided with a (UTI) urinary tract infection?
Irritates the bladder
29
Report any symptoms of cloudy urine encourage the client to drink. How much fluids each day?
2-3L
30
What expands the bladder until urine flows out due to increased pressure?
Retention overflow
31
Complaint of urgency, frequency, dysuria, chills, abdominal discomfort, and flank pain is signs of?
(UTI) urinary tract infection
32
This typically follows after abdominal surgery, anesthesia, or short period after removal of an indwelling catheter?
Temporary urine retention
33
(UTI) urinary tract infections are more common in women than men because the female urethra is _ and _ than a man’s?
1. Shorter 2. Straighter
34
Urine is observed for?
Color, clarity, odor, and volume
35
Urine output is influenced by what normal processes?
Respiration Perspiration Salt intake Fluid contained in feces Vomiting Bleeding
36
What type of urine has a strong odor?
Concentrated urine
37
What conditions may be caused due to obstruction in the urinary tract?
1. Kidney stones 2. Cancer
38
If ordered what is measured and documented every shift?
(I&O) Intake and Output
39
Kidney stones and cancer may be a result of _ in men?
Enlarged prostate gland
40
A _ may exist in the urinary tract impeding the flow of _ as it exits the _?
1. Obstruction 2. Urine 3. Urinary bladder
41
A disease or disorder that contributes to retention?
1. Diabetes 2. Parkinson’s disease 3. (UTI) urinary tract infection
42
A common cause of retention is _? What does it affect on the body?
1. Trauma 2. Spinal cord
43
Urine _ and emits a strong _ like odor when exposed to air for a time?
1. Decomposes 2. Ammonia
44
A pH below 7 is?
Acidic
45
What is an excess of bodily fluid collected in the tissues?
Edema
46
The urge to void is triggered when _ has collected in the bladder?
250mL of urine
47
The adult bladder can hold approximately _ when moderately full?
400mL - 500mL of urine
48
Fluid output should usually be equal to _?
Fluid intake
49
To maintain fluid balance each adult needs _ glasses of liquid daily?
6 to 8 glasses of 8oz.
50
Dilute urine is?
Nearly colorless
51
A pH of 7 is ?
Neutral
52
A pH above 7 is?
Alkaline
53
The desire or sensation of needing to void immediately?
Urgency
54
Painful or burning sensation when passing urine?
Dysuria
55
Involuntary voiding in bed ( bed wetting)?
Enuresis
56
Involuntary loss or inability to hold urine?
Incontinence
57
Freshly voided urine has a characteristic odor called _?
Aromatic
58
Passing urine from the body is called?
Urination Micturition Voiding
59
What is the body’s solid waste product?
Stool/ bowel movement
60
An increase in the expected amount of urine a person excretes over a period of time?
Polyuria
61
If the body retains water because of impaired circulation or kidney function it?
Forms and excretes less urine
62
What disorders cause urine to excrete more?
Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus
63
Normal urine is slightly acidic having a pH of?
4.5 - 6.5
64
What color is freshly voided urine?
Yellow or amber
65
The acidic condition of urine helps to control?
Bacterial growth
66
What can quickly measure pH, specific gravity, glucose, and ketones, presence of WBCs, blood, nitrites, protein, and urobilinogen?
Urine dip stick
67
Voiding more often than usual without increase or decrease in urine volume?
Urinary frequency
68
Frequent or repeated voiding during the night?
Nocturia
69
Decrease in urine a person secretes and excretes?
Oliguria
70
Absence of urine secreted by the kidneys?
Anuria
71
Inability to empty the bladder fully?
Urinary retention
72
The stopping or inhibition of urination?
Urinary suppression
73
Urine formed by the kidneys consists of?
1. Excess water 2. Carbon dioxide 3. (Small) solid waste 4. Abnormal substances filtered out of the blood
74
Due to the presence of bile normally feces are _ in color?
Yellowish brown
75
A change in color suggests a change in _ or _?
1. (GI)gastrointestinal functioning 2. Stool contents
76
Dark, black, or tarry stool’s usually indicate the presence of partially _ in the colon?
Digested blood
77
Indicating hemorrhage high in the GI tract or swallowed blood from a mouth, nose, or throat injury or disorder?
Melena
78
Bright red blood in or streaked on the outside of stool indicates _ or _ often from _?
1. Rectal bleeding 2. Anal bleeding 3. Hemorrhoids
79
_ or _ stools indicate the abnormal presence of microorganisms, suggesting infection?
Yellow or Greenish
80
Normal stools are _ and _?
Soft and formed
81
_ is a result of hard, dry stools when the rectum has not been emptied as needed or excess liquid has been absorbed by the body?
Constipation
82
This may occur if a person routinely ignores the impulse to empty the rectum?
Chronic constipation
83
Constipation also results if the person has not taken enough fluids or has not had sufficient exercise to stimulate _?
Peristalsis
84
Morphine, narcotics, drugs to lower bladder motility or after surgery of immobility, anesthesia,surgical trauma, and drying agents, atropine may cause?
Constipation
85
The expulsion of loose watery unformed stools frequently also known as explosive?
Diarrhea
86
Continuing diarrhea suggests _, _, _, or a _?
1.chronic colon irritation 2. Intestinal infection 3. food poisoning 4. Parasitic infection
87
Diarrhea can also be a sign of?
Fecal impaction
88
Stools have the same shape as the bowels interior which is _, _, or _?
1. Round 2. Oval 3. Cylindrical
89
Long, thin, pencillike stools suggest a narrowing of the rectum or anal opening which could be caused by a _, or _?
Mass or tumor
90
Stool that assumes the same irregular shape suggest a _ in the rectum or anus?
Abnormal growth
91
The gaseous discharge that occurs with or without a bowel movement can have a very strong odor?
Flatus
92
Floating stools are less dense and suggest what in the stool?
Undigested fats
93
Is the term used to identify stools with a high fat content?
Steatorrhea
94
If a stool _ may be an indication of gallbladder disease or cystic fibrosis?
Floats
95
The presence of _ or _ in stools might be signs of inflammation or infection in the GI system?
Pus or mucus
96
Food products and medication tablets that goes undigested may be due to?
GI malfunction
97
Hard and dry or putty like stool that after laxatives and enemas a client still cannot defecate is called?
Fecal impaction
98
Result of chronic bowel problems?
Immobility, paralysis, or dehydration

Unit 9: Elimination and Dx Tests (5 decks)

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