CHAPTER 58 PULMONARY HYPERTENSION

Question 1

Normal Pulmonary pressures

Answer 1

Systolic: 15-30mmHg
Diastolic: 4-12mmHg

Question 2

Pulmonary hypertension

Answer 2

mean pulmonary arterial pressure is >25 mm Hg at rest or >30 mm Hg during exertion

Question 3

group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension

Answer 3

> mean pulmonary arterial pressure >25 mm Hg
pulmonary vascular resistance >240 dynes/s/cm5 >pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <15 mm Hg

Idiopathic
Genetic/heritable abnormalities
Drug or toxin induced
Associated with known risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension (human immunodeficiency virus, portal hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, collagen vascular disorders)

Question 4

caused by left heart disease
most common etiology

Answer 4

group 2 pulmonary arterial hypertension

Left ventricular systolic or diastolic dysfunction
Mitral or aortic valve disease

Question 5

chronic hypoxemic lung disease

Answer 5

group 3 pulmonary arterial hypertension

Obstructive lung disorders (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Interstitial lung disease
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Collagen vascular disorders
Sleep-disordered breathing (obstructive sleep apnea)
Chronic exposure to high altitude

Question 6

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Answer 6

group 4 pulmonary arterial hypertension

Question 7

most common dysrhythmias in patients with pulmonary hypertension

Answer 7

atrial fibrillation
atrial flutter
atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia