Chapter 59 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is sleep?
The thing that LECOM students are not allowed to do. Ever
What is the difference between slow wave and REM sleep?
Slow wave= deep and restful (1st hr of sleep, lower BP, Resp, HR, BMR)
REM Sleep= every 90 min (5-30min duration)
What are some characteristics of REM sleep?
- occurs less if you are more tired and frequency decreases throughout the night
- active dreaming and movements
- harder to awaken
- strong spinal cord inhibition
- high brain activity and irregular HR and Resp rate
Stimulation to what 3 areas can produce sleep with natural characteristics?
- raphe nuclei in the lower pons and medulla
- solitary nucleus
- rostral hypothalamus(suprachiasmal- uhh ohh here comes that circadian rhythm shit) and thalamus
Lesions where eill cause prolonged wakefullness?
- discrete lesions to the raphe nuclei
- bilaterally to the sprachiasmal area of the anterior hypothalamus
—–>release inhibition of the mesencephalon and pons
What is the role of muramyl peptide?
-accumilates in the CSF during wakefullness and induces sleep quite rapidly
What are some of the physiologic functions of sleep?
- restore natural balances among neuronal centers
- neural maturation
- facilitation of learning or memory
- cognition
- conservation of energy
What are the 4 types of brain waves?
- alpha
- beta
- theta
- delta
When do alpha brain waves normally occur and from where do they orriginate?
Whenare Beta waves most commonly observed?
-occur when a mind is directed to some kind of mental activity (like observing with open eyes)
When and where do Theta waves most often occur?
- normally in the parietal and temporal lobes of children
- during emotional stress in some adults
- degenerative brain disorders
What is unique about the frequency of the Delta waves? When and where do they occur?
- Very high voltage with low frequency
- occur in very deep sleep, infancy and serious organic brain disease
- can occur strictly in the cortex independant of lower brain activities
What are the three classifications of epilepsy?
- grand mal epilepsy
- petite mal epilepsy
- focal epilepsy
What are the brain waves like in the grand mal, petite mal, and focal epilepsy?
- Grand mal: High voltage, high frequncy discharges
- Petite mal: Spike and dome pattern
- Focal: low frequency, rectangular wave
How many pages were wasted in to module on seizures?
3
What neurotransmitters are reduced in manic-depressive psychosis?
-norepinepherine and serotonin
Exaggerated function of what neurotransmitter system is responsible for schizophrenia?
Dopamine system
What peptide accumilates in the brain in alzheimer disease patients?
- Beta-amyloid peptide
- accumilates into amyoloid plaques
- vascular disease is also a risk factor
