Chapter 6

Question 1

The ___ is present in the greater amount and the ___ is present in the lesser amount

Answer 1

solvent (more moles)

solute (less moles)

Question 2

When the solvent is water, we call the solution

Answer 2

aqueous

Question 3

Name some things that help solutions form at a higher rate

Answer 3

increasing the surface area (i.e. finely grinding)
increasing the temp (more heat => faster rate)
Stirring

Question 4

electrolytes

Answer 4

compounds that form ions in a solution (all ionic compounds, also acids and bases)

Question 5

nonelectrolytes

Answer 5

compounds that do NOT form ions in solution (covalent compounds except acids and bases)

Question 6

define solubility

Answer 6

maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent under certain conditions

Question 7

solubility rules - review which ones are always soluble

Answer 7

Question 8

decreasing the temperature ___ the solubility of gases

Answer 8

increases

unlike solids

Question 9

Henry’s Law

Answer 9

the amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid

Question 10

Molarity

Answer 10

mol/L

Question 11

calculating solubility is the same as

Answer 11

calculating the concentration of a saturated solution

Question 12

supersaturated solutions

Answer 12

even more solute is dissolved by, for example, increasing temperature

Question 13

high molarity solutions are also known as

Answer 13

concentrated

Question 14

low molarity solutions are also known as

Answer 14

dilute

Question 15

dilution equation

Answer 15

C= mols of solute
V= volume of solution

Question 16

Equations for concentration

Answer 16

see image

Question 17

boiling point elevation formula
and
meaning

Answer 17

See image

For every mole, the boiling point increases by 0.512 degrees Celcius

Question 18

freezing point depression equation AND

what does it mean?

Answer 18

See image

It means that for every mole, the freezing point decreases by 1.86 degrees Celcius

Question 19

ion-dipole boding is ___ than dipole-dipole bonding

Answer 19

stronger

Question 20

salt water has a ___ boiling point than plain water

Answer 20

higher, because there are stronger forces holding molecules together

Question 21

salt water has a ___ freezing point than plain water

Answer 21

lower

Question 22

osmosis

Answer 22

solvent particles travel through semi-permeable membrane to side with higher concentration to even out the solute concentrations on each side

Question 23

osmotic pressure

Answer 23

Question 24

hypertonic solution makes cells ___

Answer 24

shrink

more ions outside

Question 25

hypotonic solutions make cells ___

Answer 25

swell up | more ions inside

Question 26

isotonic solutions

Answer 26

concentration inside and outside cells is equal

Question 27

wherever there are more ions is where the ___ travels

Answer 27

water

Question 28

percent mass-volume equation

Answer 28

mass of solute (g) over volume of solution (mL) times 100%

Question 29

4 colligative properties

Answer 29

freezing point depression boiling point elevation vapor pressure lowering osmosis/osmotic pressure

Question 30

the greatest amount of solute we can dissolve in a solution

Answer 30

solubility and/or concentration