chapter 6 Flashcards
factors of social disorganization theory
poverty
population turnover
heterogenous ethnic makeup
define social disorganization
the inability of a community to stabilized it’s values
disorder is a characteristic of
disorganization and high crime rates
define disorder
the indicatory of diary, socially disruptive behavior, and physically deterioration of certain areas
what did Wesley skogan create
broken windows theory
what is broken windows theory
a view that there are certain signs that illustrate that people don’t care about their community and put themselves at risk of crime
what is collective efficacy
the idea that a community has a shared goal
what are the two factors that make up collective efficacy
mutual trust
common expectation
who came up with a view of crime that focuses on the physical environment. (defensible spaces)?
Oscar Newman in 1972
defensible spaces
Communities that are well organized encourages ownerships over than property and communities that protects themselves from crime
what are the four basic elements of defensible spaces
territoriality
natural surveillance
image
mileu- prevention is enhanced if those properties are well maintained in areas defend crime
what are the other three elements of definable spaces
Access control: the ability to regulate who comes in and out
Activity support: functions which assist and enhance security there
Target hardening: actions that increase the difficulty of committing crime
what are conflicts of the four basic elements
Territoriality: access control and surveillance
Surveillance: promotes the need for action/ you to do something
access control and target harding: can lead to people feeling like they live in a fort
Clifford shaw
the Chicago area project, developed organization within the community
mobilization for youth
grew out of the war on poverty, helped prevent delinquency
anomie and strain theories
the effect on crime is mixed
Patrick sharkey, max and michael friedson
Individual level
May not be poverty that’s on the backbone
May be other factors,
Community level
Theres alot of complex issues
Rosenbaum
social problems approach to community crime prevention. the findings aren’t definitive
what are resources you can provide
Organization in communities
A promising approach
Job programs for adults
approaches focused on disorders
broken windows policing which is an order maintenance approach.
findings: cleaning everything up, effective but not as much as we wanted it do be
Brage welsh and schneell 2015
-Community problems solving approaches
-Collective efficacy
Findings : this was very effective
what are some problems with collective efficacy
police in high crime areas identify problems
trust: nix 2015
findings: very effective
work, sports and recreation programs
unsupervised socializing
forestry programs
vocation/ work oriented programs
wilderness programs
group of at risk youths, more effective, they take them into the woods and have them complete tasks as a group
