Chapter 6 Flashcards
temperament
biologically driven (babies come with this)
characteristic way of responding to environment
is temperament different than personality? how?
yes!
personality is more complex, temperament is known as a seed of personality
new york longitudinal study (NYLS) categorization
easy child
difficult child
slow-to-warm-up child
easy child
most children categorized as this
predictable
pleasant and friendly
comfy with new things, and when not they react with low intensity
difficult child
unpredictable/total opposite of easy children
don’t like change
slow-to-warm-up child
in-between easy and difficult
just need time when things are changed, not intense but don’t like change
the goodness-of-fit model
how parents fit with child, no judging/pressure for easy baby
goodness of fit = importance of achievement
does difficult = bad for children? Masai example?
no!
Masai: nomadic tribe, interviewed and then left, drought caused lots of population to die, when caught up found more difficult children survived than easy
why?: difficult babies were more fussy so parents fed them while easy babies weren’t as bothered
9 qualities of NYLS (don’t need to memorize)
level of motor activity
rhythmicity of functions
response to new person/experience
adaptability of behavior for environ. changes
threshold to stimuli
intensity of responses
child’s general mood
degree of distractability
span of attention
cupboard theories of attachment
freud/behaviorism
parents feed babies = attachment through food
Field study on touch
infant massages
- resulted in weight gain, increased passive limb movement, and increased bone density in premies
- shorter hospital stays
- save $
- contact comfort
can babies recognize parents?
to an extent
smell first (especially if nursed)
then voice, then later on is face/vision
harlow’s work with infant monkeys
had to isolate babies monkeys due to sickness
found they had attachment issues, so when they had to choose between a warm figure that represented a mother and food, they chose the mother (only went to food when hunger drove them, immediately returned to mother after)
who was behind the development of attachment? what did he believe in?
Bowlby, believed we do not come attached
development of attachment phases
pre-attachment (birth - 6 w)
attachment-in-the-making (6 w - 6-8 m)
clear-cut attachment (6-8-18-24 m)
formation of reciprocal relationships (18-24 m)
pre-attachment phase
critical, trust is established
responsive parents, other stressors can get in the way
attachment-in-the-making phase
reciprocal behavior is established
start visual parent recognition
prefer presence of people
clear-cut attachment phase
clearly, healthily attached
don’t want parents to leave, show separation anxiety
hard to assess, use the strange situation!
formation of reciprocal relationships
separation anxiety declines as they have better understanding of object permanence so they know parent will come back
tejada study
looking at adults with touch
did hand massages, found significant reduction in loneliness
kangaroo care
increases weight and milestone achievements in premies
why don’t we get the touch we need anymore?
move away from people who would satisfy our touch needs
more online than in person
container culture
continue to increase separation from our bodies and babies (swings, strollers, cribs)
exception: car seats!
avg. family has 7 containers per household, worried infants aren’t getting touched enough
strange situation
observational
- parent and baby play
- stranger enters and interacts with baby
- parent leaves baby with stranger
- parent returns (reunion), stranger leaves
- parent leaves (baby alone)
- stranger enters
- parent returns (second reunion), stranger leaves
not an unusually situation for baby to be in
