chapter 6

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

Uses light energy from the sun to power a chemical process that makes
organic molecules.

Question 2

Autotrophs

Answer 2

-self feeders
-Make their own organic matter from inorganic nutrients.
-Autotrophs are producers because ecosystems depend upon them
for food.

Question 3

Heterotrophs

Answer 3

-other feeders
- Includes humans and other animals that cannot make organic molecules
from inorganic ones.
-Heterotrophs are consumers because they eat plants or other
animals.

Question 4

true or false:

plants perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 4

True!

but animals only perform cellular respiration.

Question 5

Why does cellular respiration need oxygen?

Answer 5

The glucose molecule is broken down, the hydrogen bonds with the oxygen to make water. Carbon dioxide is also a cellular respiration biproduct.

Question 6

Redox reaction

Answer 6

• Oxidation-reduction reactions
• Chemical reactions that transfer electrons from one substance to
  another
• The loss of electrons during a redox reaction is called oxidation
• The acceptance of electrons during a redox reaction is called
  reduction
  During cellular respiration glucose is oxidized while oxygen is
  reduced.

Question 7

Why does electron transfer to oxygen release energy?

Answer 7

When electrons move from glucose to oxygen, it is as though the
electrons were falling. This “fall” of electrons releases energy during cellular respiration.

Question 8

how do electrons go down from glucose to oxygen

Answer 8

• The transfer of electrons from organic fuel to NAD+ reduces it to NADH
• The rest of the path consists of an electron transport chain, which Involves a series of redox reactions and Ultimately leads to the production of large amounts of ATP

Question 9

The 3 main stages of cellular respiration

Answer 9

• Glycolysis
• The citric acid cycle
• Electron transport

Question 10

Glycolysis

Answer 10

the first stage of cellular respiration

• A 6 carbon glucose molecule is split in half to form 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.
• These 2 molecules then donate high energy electrons to NAD+, forming NADH
• Glycolysis forms 4 ATP molecules but uses 2 to be created, so makes a net of 2 ATP.

Question 11

The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Answer 11

2nd stage of cellular respiration

• completes the breakdown of sugar
• pyruvic acid is prepped
• extracts energy of sugar by breaking down the acetic acid molecules down to CO2

Question 12

Electron Transport

Answer 12

3rd stage of cellular respiration

-releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP.

Question 13

Electron transport chain

Answer 13

• built into the inner membranes of mitochondria
• The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane and release energy.
• these ions store potential energy

Question 14

ATP synthase

Answer 14

the process of taking the energy from when the hydrogens moved through the mitochondrial membrane by the electron transport chain and releases energy.

Question 15

Other than glucose, cellular respiration also burns….

Answer 15

• Diverse types of carbohydrates
• Fats
• Proteins

They all are converted either to G3P, Acetyl, or Keto Acids, which are used in the Krebs cycle

Question 16

Fermentation

Answer 16

the anaerobic (without oxygen) harvest of food energy.

• relies on glycolysis to produce ATP (glycolysis does not require oxygen)
• cheese, olives, yogurt, etc made by fermentation process product, lactic acid

Alcohol and bread is made by a different type of fermentation used by the microscopic fungus of yeast.