Final Review-Test 2

Question 1

______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes.

Answer 1

phospholipids

Question 2

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______.

Answer 2

chromatin

Question 3

What name is given to the organelle that manufactures the components of ribosomes?

Answer 3

nucleolus

Question 4

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer 4

on ribosomes

Question 5

A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes _____.

Answer 5

attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Lysosomes are responsible for ______.

Answer 6

digestion of organic matter inside the cell

Question 7

Vacuoles are ______.

Answer 7

membraneous sacs

Question 8

A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives ______.

Answer 8

in fresh water

Question 9

In plant cells, ______ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons

Answer 9

central vacuoles

Question 10

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ______

Answer 10

cell wall and central vacuole

Question 11

Usually, enzymes are ______.

Answer 11

proteins

Question 12

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______.

Answer 12

metabolism

Question 13

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by ______.

Answer 13

decreasing activation energy

Question 14

An enzyme’s function is dependent on its ______

Answer 14

3d shape

Question 15

The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site.

Answer 15

active

Question 16

Diffusion is an example of ______.

Answer 16

passive transport

Question 17

Diffusion ______

Answer 17

proceeds until equilibrium is reached

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires ______ and moves a substance ______ its concentration gradient.

Answer 18

transport proteins . . . down

Question 19

A cell that neither gains nor loses water when it is immersed in a solution is ______.

Answer 19

isotonic to its enviroment

Question 20

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ______.

Answer 20

is hypotonic to the protozoan

Question 21

If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis (burst), whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?

Answer 21

the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall

Question 22

In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will ______

Answer 22

become turgid

Question 23

Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings?

Answer 23

active transport

Question 24

The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ______.

Answer 24

phagocytosis

Question 25

he energy stored in food ultimately comes from ______.

Answer 25

the sun

Question 26

Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the outside air. Cellular respiration ______.

Answer 26

produces ATP

Question 27

what is produced during cellular respiration?

Answer 27

carbon dioxide, water, ATP

Question 28

During redox reactions, ______.

Answer 28

electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance

Question 29

During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules. Which of the following is a true statement about this process?

Answer 29

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor and is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water.

Question 30

The first electron acceptor of cellular respiration is ______.

Answer 30

NAD+

Question 31

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is ______.

Answer 31

oxygen

Question 32

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Answer 32

cytoplasm

Question 33

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in cellular respiration?

Answer 33

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, electron transport

Question 34

A product of glycolysis is ______.

Answer 34

pyruvic acid

Question 35

What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

Answer 35

acetyl CoA

Question 36

Electron transport takes place in the ______.

Answer 36

mitocondria

Question 37

Aerobic cellular respiration generates about ______ ATP from one glucose.

Answer 37

38

Question 38

Anaerobic respiration produces a net gain of ______ ATP per glucose.

Answer 38

2

Question 39

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown?

Answer 39

glycolysis

Question 40

A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______.

Answer 40

the muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise

Question 41

Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by _____.

Answer 41

taking carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbs)

Question 42

What name is given to the membranous sacs found within a chloroplast?

Answer 42

thylakoids

Question 43

In photosynthesis, ____ is oxidized and the high energy electrons are carried to the Calvin Cycle by _____. (Molecular formulas were not abled to be subscripted in the answers; H2O= Water; O2= Oxygen; CO2= Carbon dioxide; C6H1206=Glucose)

Answer 43

H2o.... NADPH

Question 44

The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light-dependent reactions in order to operate.

Answer 44

ATP.... NADPH

Question 45

The light reactions of photosynthesis take place where

Answer 45

in the thylakoid membrane

Question 46

The Calvin cycle makes direct use of ______ to make ______.

Answer 46

CO2, ATP, and NADPH . . . sugar

Question 47

C4 plants conserve water by ______.

Answer 47

keeping their stomata closed when the weather is hot and dry

Question 48

CAM plants conserve water by ______.

Answer 48

opening their stomata only at night

Question 49

How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?

Answer 49

6