Chapter 6

Question 1

Focused attention

Answer 1

;is needed to attend to relevant information sources and ignore irrelevant ones

Question 2

divided attention

Answer 2

;is needed to attend to multiple important sources of information

Question 3

Task-set switching

Answer 3

;involves topdown control and bottomup triggering of the appropriate set

Question 4

Residual switch costs

Answer 4

;may reflect competition from earlier stimulus response mappings and persisting activation from previous task sets

Question 5

restart effect

Answer 5

;reflect a general need to reinstate the stimulusresponse mapping for the task after any sort of interruption

Question 6

Residual Switching Costs

Answer 6

;occur when people struggle to switch between tasks because they fail to prepare in advance

Question 7

Failure to engage idea

Answer 7

;these switch costs should only happen when individuals do not adequately get ready for the new task This model suggests that external triggers have a limited impact on certain types of task switches

Question 8

Procedural frame hypothesis

Answer 8

;suggests that our understanding of events is influenced by mental frameworks or frames that guide our interpretation of procedural information helping us comprehend and predict unfolding actions

Question 9

Procedural frame hypothesis example

Answer 9

;Knowing what one needs to do provides a framework for more quickly processing particular information