Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human bio definitions > Chapter 6 - digestive system > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Active transport

A

Use of energy to move substances, usually ions across a cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Tube via which food passes through the body. Consists of the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and intestines. Also called the digestive tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bile
- where from
- what does it do

A

Secretion of the liver, stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine. Contains bile salts that mechanically digest fats through the process of emulsification.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bile salts

A

Bile is made up of bile salts. Substances that break fats into tiny droplets (emulsifies salts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bolus

A

A ball like structure of food and saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of food to small molecules by chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chyme

A

Semifluid mass of partially digested food that leaves the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Circular muscle

A

Smooth muscle with fibres arranged in a circle around an organ like the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Deoxyribonuclease

A

An enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food to small molecules that can be absorbed into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Digestive system

A

System that breaks down the food taken into the body ready for absorption into the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Emulsify

A

Process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets toenable them to mix with the enzymes.
The SA of the fat increases making it easier for digestive enzymes to access and break down the fat molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elimination - digestive system

A

Removal from the body - removal of indigestible material from the body. Use the term elimation when describing the removal of faeces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Faeces

A

Material passed out of the rectum. Composed of undigested matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gastric juice
- composed of

A

The digestive juice secreted by the glands of the stomach.
- HCl
- Gastric protease
- Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ingestion

A

Intake of food and liquids into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

intestinal juice
- what does it digest
- contains enzymes

A

Digestive juice secreted by the glands of the small intestine. Complete the digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
- Amylase
- Peptidase
- Lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lacteal

A

Lymph capillary in villus diagram in the small intestine that absorbs fat from digested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Large intestine

A

Part of the intestine between the small intestine and the anus. Made up of the caecum, colon and rectum. Undergoes perstalsis contractions to move food along the intestinal tract. Where much of the remaining water is absorbed from the remaining compound.

20
Q

Longitudinal muscle

A

Smooth muscle with fibres arranged lengthwise along an organ.

21
Q

Mastication - process

A

Process of chewing to grind or crush food with the teeth

22
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Mechanical breakdown of food into smaller particles

23
Q

Microvilli

A

Microscopic projections from the membranes of cells living the small intestine. They increase the surface area for absorption.

24
Q

Mucosa membrane

A

Forms the internal lining of the alimentary canal. Protective barrier against enzymes.

25
Q

Oesophagus

A

Tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach

26
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down starches - to disaccharides

27
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

Liquid secreted by the pancreas that is full of digestive enzymes. Aids in digestion in the small intestine.

28
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down fats - fatty acids and glycerol

29
Q

Pancreatic protease

A

Enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down proteins - peptides

30
Q

Peristalsis

A

Waves of muscular contraction that push food along the alimentary canal. In oesopghas and stomach. Move ingested materials through the digestive tract.

31
Q

Pharynx

A

The throat. Joins the mouth cavity to the oesophagus and the larynx

32
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of smooth muscle between the stomach and the duodenum.

33
Q

Ribonuclease

A

Enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests RNA

34
Q

Saliva

A

Fluid secreted into the mouth by salivary glands to begin the digestion of food (chemical)

35
Q

Segmentation

A

Mechanical digestion process occurring in the small intestine which uses the contraction of circular muscles to push the chyme into segments, mixing it with digestive juices

36
Q

Small intestine
- size
- recieves

A

Longest part of the alimentary canal, receives material from the stomach

37
Q

Stomach - what it does to the material

A

Muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus and mixes it with acid and enzymes to form chyme

38
Q

Villi

A

Finger like projections from the internal lining of the small intestine. Enodethlial cells covering the outside of the villi have microscopic projections called microvili

39
Q

chemical digestion
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids

A
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • fatty acids and glycerol
40
Q

HCl in gastric juice

A

Acidic environment kills bacteria and activates gastric protease

41
Q

Mucus in gastric juice

A

Protects the lining of the stomach as of the acidic environment from the HCl in gastric juice

42
Q

Gastric protease enzyme in gastric juice

A

Begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach when activated by HCl

43
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine. where pepsin in the chyme from the stomach become inactive from the more neutral environment..

44
Q

Intestinal amylase

A

Disaccharides to glucose

45
Q

Intestinal peptidase

A

Peptides to amino acids

46
Q

Intestinal lipase

A

Converts lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

47
Q

Peristalsis in the stomach

A

Coordinated muscle contractions of obleak, longitudal and circular. Churn food and mix it with the stomach juices

Human bio definitions (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions