CHAPTER 6

Question 1

the study of body structures and their locations

Answer 1

anatomy

Question 2

the study of the functions of the body

Answer 2

physiology

Question 3

functions are studied according to the ( blank ) systems and the related (blank) that together accomplish functions necessary to maintain life

Answer 3

body, organs

Question 4

matter is composed of atoms, atoms combine to form molecules

Answer 4

chemical

Question 5

the smallest unit of a structure

Answer 5

cell

Question 6

group of cells similar in structure and function

Answer 6

tissue

Question 7

two or more tissue types performing a specific function

Answer 7

organ

Question 8

group of organs acting together to perform specific function

Answer 8

organ system / body system

Question 9

free-floating organelle that makes enzymes and proteins. Contains ribonucleic acid (RNA). Considered the cell’s “protein factories”.

Answer 9

ribosome

Question 10

organelle that is a network of membranes and connects to the nucleus. Ribosomes are attached, causing the appearance. Involved with making protein.

Answer 10

Rough ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 11

tubelike organelle; role differs based on the type of cell. Roles may include storing calcium and making steroids and lipids.

Answer 11

smooth ER (endoplasmic reticulum)

Question 12

organelle that processes and packages the proteins and lipids made by the cell. Considered to be the cell’s processing plant

Answer 12

golgi apparatus

Question 13

organelles that contain enzymes and are involved with digesting nutrients and other substances in the cell. Considered to be the cell’s waste collectors

Answer 13

lysosomes

Question 14

organelle that produces the energy for the cell. Called the cell’s power plant

Answer 14

mitochondrion

Question 15

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes that are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid, which carries genetic information.

Answer 15

nucleus

Question 16

inside of the nucleus; produces ribosomes

Answer 16

nucleolus

Question 17

tubelike structures that help with cell division and the formation of the spindle fibers (a type of microtubule). Cells can also have extensions or projections on the surface, including cilia, microvilli, and flagellum

Answer 17

centrioles

Question 18

fine, hairlike extensions on the surface of the cell. Used to direct surroundings or chemicals

Answer 18

cilia

Question 19

small projections on the surface of the cell. This increases the surface area, which allows for additional absorption

Answer 19

microvilli

Question 20

single long hairlike extension on the surface of the cell. Used to propel or move cell.

Answer 20

flagellum

Question 21

the membrane around the nucleus starts to break down. Centrioles produce spindle fibers and start to move toward opposite sides of the cell.

Answer 21

prophase

Question 22

Each pair of chromatids lines up, and each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber

Answer 22

metaphase

Question 23

Four categories of tissues in the body:

Answer 23

muscle, connective, epithelial, nervous

Question 24

cell mass together in bones, ligaments, cartilage

Answer 24

connective tissue

Question 25

covers the body, forms glands and lines the surface cavities and organs

Answer 25

epithelial tissue

Question 26

formed by muscle cells

Answer 26

muscle tissue

Question 27

Three principle elements make up medical terms: 1. 2. 3.

Answer 27

1. roots and combining forms 2. prefixes 3. suffixes

Question 28

Part of the medical term that gives the main meaning. It usually refers to a structure and/or function of the body. Most often Latin or Greek in origin. All medical terms have at least one.

Answer 28

Root

Question 29

A combining vowel, like o, is only used if the suffix begins with a..

Answer 29

consonant

Question 30

the ( ) is always used when linking two roots, even if the second one starts with a vowel

Answer 30

combining form

Question 31

( ) are word elements that are attached to the end of roots annd combining forms to add to or change their meaning. All medical terms have them

Answer 31

suffix

Question 32

word elements that are attached to the beginning of roots and combining forms to change or add to their meaning. Many, but not all, medical terms have these..

Answer 32

prefix

Question 33

anti-

Answer 33

against

Question 34

a-/an-

Answer 34

without/not

Question 35

auto-

Answer 35

self

Question 36

brady-

Answer 36

slow

Question 37

dys-

Answer 37

bad, difficult, painful

Question 38

epi-

Answer 38

over

Question 39

eu-

Answer 39

good, normal

Question 40

inter-

Answer 40

between

Question 41

peri-

Answer 41

around

Question 42

pre-

Answer 42

before, in front

Question 43

pseudo-

Answer 43

false

Question 44

semi-

Answer 44

half

Question 45

supra-

Answer 45

above, over

Question 46

tachy-

Answer 46

fast, rapid

Question 47

echo

Answer 47

reflections of sounds

Question 48

cyt

Answer 48

cell

Question 49

-ia, -a

Answer 49

condition or abnormal state

Question 50

splen

Answer 50

spleen

Question 51

where is the spleen located?

Answer 51

left upper quadrant

Question 52

-pnea

Answer 52

breathing, respiration

Question 53

ilium

Answer 53

part of the hip bone

Question 54

ileum

Answer 54

part of the intestine

Question 55

plural of diagnosis

Answer 55

diagnoses

Question 56

plural of phalanx

Answer 56

phalanges

Question 57

term that is named after a person or place EX: Alzheimer's Disease

Answer 57

eponym

Question 58

abbreviation that is pronounceable. EX: TURP, CABG

Answer 58

acronym

Question 59

gel-like fluid inside the cell. Organelles are suspended within

Answer 59

cytoplasm

Question 60

sites where proteins are synthesized

Answer 60

ribosomes

Question 61

where respiration takes place and energy is produced

Answer 61

mitochondrion

Question 62

cells mass together in bones, ligaments, cartilage

Answer 62

connective tissue

Question 63

covers the body, forms glands and lines the surface cavities and organs

Answer 63

epithelial tissue

Question 64

composed of neurons; found in the ears, eyes, brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Transmits communication

Answer 64

nervous tissue

Question 65

formed by muscle cells

Answer 65

muscle tissue

Question 66

List 5 body cavities..

Answer 66

cranial, spinal, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

Question 67

The thymus gland is in which body cavity?

Answer 67

thoracic

Question 68

the urinary bladder is in which cavity?

Answer 68

pelvic

Question 69

name the four quadrants..

Answer 69

left upper, left lower, right lower, right upper

Question 70

How many abdominal regions are there?

Answer 70

9

Question 71

what is the pH needed to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 71

between 7.35 and 7.45

Question 72

what is neutral pH level

Answer 72

7

Question 73

Is alkaline or acidic lower?

Answer 73

acidic

Question 74

a group of signs and symptoms that occur together and are associated with a condition

Answer 74

syndrome

Question 75

how often the disease occurs

Answer 75

prevalence

Question 76

the cause of the disorder or disease

Answer 76

etiology

Question 77

an indicator that is observed or measured by others- objective data

Answer 77

sign

Question 78

an indicator that is only perceived by the patient- subject data

Answer 78

symptom

Question 79

Name three causes of diseases..

Answer 79

inflammatory response, immunity disorders, nutritional imbalances

Question 80

refers to how normal the malignant cells look

Answer 80

grade