Chapter 6 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What makes bone and cartilage (supportive CT) different from other CT?
ECM. The ECM is produced by the cells. (ECM = ground substance + fibers)
What are the parts of the skeletal system?
- Bones
- Cartilage
- Joints
- Ligaments
- Tendons
Describe the function for bones.
A platform for muscles to pull on
Describe the function for Cartilage.
Precursor to bone; Also joint covering
Describe the function for Joints.
Bone - Bone
Bone - Cartilage
Describe the function for ligaments.
Bone - Bone (at joints)
Describe the function for Tendons.
Muscle - Bone
Give a general description of cartilage.
- surrounded but perichondrium - dense irregular CT (except fibrocartilage)
- Avascular, lacks innervations
Cells : chondrocytes
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
What and Where is Hyaline Cartilage?
- most abundant, weakest (glassy)
- delicate collagen fibrils
FOUND IN… - epiphyseal plates, fetal skeleton, trachea, larynx
What and Where is Fibrocartilage?
- resists compression and tension
- thick collagen fibers
FOUND IN… - intervertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphysis
What and Where is Elastic Cartilage ?
- tolerates repeated bending
- elastic fibers
- collagen fibrils
FOUND IN… - ear, external auditory canal, epiglottis
Give a general description of bones.
Vascular and Innervated
- Used for support and movement, protection, mineral homeostasis (calcium and phosphate), blood formation(red marrow), and triglyceride storage (yellow marrow)
What are the two forms of bone?
- Compact Bone
FOUND IN …
The outer layer of long bones - Spongy Bone
FOUND IN…
The inner layer of long bones
- Pelvic Bones
- Ribs
- Skull Bones
- Vertebrae in the spine
What are the 3 types of bone cells?
- Osteoblasts - bone deposition; periosteum and inner endosteum
- Osteocyes - mature cells ; Lacunae
- Osteoclasts - bone deviation via Hal ; diapedesis
* Osteogenic cells - stem cells
Give the structure of the osteon (compact bone).
- Lamellae
- Lacunae
- Osteocytes
- Central (Haversian) canal
FOUND IN … - Perforating (Volkmann) canals
- Medullary cavity (red and yellow marrow)
- Sharpey’s fibers
- Periosteum & Endosteum
Give the structure of general spongy bone.
- contain bone marrow
- always covered by compact bone
core of short, flat, sesamoid, irregularly shapes bones
FOUND IN… - epiphyses of long bones
What are the 2 ways of bone formation?
- intramembranous ossification
- endochondral ossification
Define the intramembranous ossification.
- formed directly from mesenchyme
FOUND IN… - flat skull bones, most facial bones, mandible, and clavicles
Define the endochondral ossification.
- develops as hyaline cartilage first
- continues until early adulthood
FOUND IN… - all other bones
Define epiphyseal growth. (childhood)
Epiphyseal (growth) plate
- hyaline cartilage
- between diaphysis and epiphysis
1. epiphyseal side - interstitial growth
2. diaphysis side - endochondral ossification
Define epiphyseal growth. (in adolescence)
- sex hormones signal the “beginning of the end “ of lengthening
1. epiphyseal side - chondroblasts divide more slowly
2. diaphysial side - osteoblasts overtake cartilage - plates thin out - “plate closure”
List the bone fracture types.
Closed (simple) fracture - bone does not penetrate skin
Open (compound) fracture - bone breaks skin
- Comminuted - fragmentation into 3 or more pieces
- Greenstick - imcomplete break
- Impacted - one fractured end forced into the interior of another bone
- Pott - distal end of fibula
Colles - distal end of radius
What are the 4 stages of bone repair?
- Reactive Stage - hematoma (blood clot) formation
- Fibrocartilageinous callus formation - fibroblasts and chondroblasts invade and deposit collagen and cartilage
- Bony callus formation - trabecular of spongy bone forms
- Bone Remodeling - excess removes, compact bone
