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chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

sensation

A

the awareness of properties of an object or event when a sensory receptor is stimulated

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2
Q

perception

A

the act of organizing & interpretting sensory input as a signaling particular object or event

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3
Q

psycho physics

A

-studies relationship between physical stimuli & the sensation & perception that those stimuli effect

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4
Q

thresholds

A

-absolute threshold: the strength or amount of a stimulus for you to detect if it is there (50% of time

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5
Q

the weakest amount of stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

A

threshold

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6
Q

aspects of vision

A

wavelength, frequency, amplitude

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7
Q

what is the structure of the eye?

A

pupil, iris, cornea, retina, fovea, optic nerve

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8
Q

aspects of the rods of an eye

A

100-200 million (out in peripherie)
super sensitive to light
only register shades of gray

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9
Q

aspects of cones of an eye

A

5-6 million (in the center)
sensitive to particular wavelengths
allow color to vision

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10
Q

difference threshold

A

the just noticeable difference.
the color video we did in class- how you had to find the color that was slightly different

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11
Q

absolute threshold

A

knowing something is there (a stimuli)

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12
Q

what is the just noticeable (JND) difference tested by?

A

Weber’s law

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13
Q

weber’s law

A

must differ by constant minimum % NOT amount (ex: weight must change by 2% before we can tell a difference)

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14
Q

what is the vision stimulus?

A

the photon

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15
Q

wavelengths

A

red are longer waves, blue are shorter waves with more frequency

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16
Q

light goes into the eye through what?

A

the pupil

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17
Q

short wavelengths or high frequency

A

blue and violets. high-pitched sounds

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18
Q

long low frequency

A

reds. low-pitched sounds

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19
Q

high amplitude

A

bright colors. louder

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20
Q

low amplitude, low frequency

A

dull colors. soft sounds

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21
Q

what is the colored muscle in the eye and aids to let light in?

A

iris- contracts or relaxes

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22
Q

what is the clear curvature of the eye, helps the light change its angle/refraction, and protects the eye

A

cornea

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23
Q

what is thicker that the cornea that gets fatter or flatter and helps with depth perception?

A

lens
when fatter - light bends sharply
when flatter - light is less sharp

24
Q

where does the information leave the eye at?

A

the optic nerve

25
what are the photo receptors of an eye?
the rods & cones
26
young-helmholtz trichomatric threory
theory that we see three colors: red, green, blue
27
opponent process theory (hering)
has to do with the layout on the retina of the cones -red/green; blue/yellow; black/white (american flag opposing color experiment on slide)
28
color blindness
red/green deficiency (typical) blue not as typical -inherited through X chromosome, so usually men have it since they only have one X chromosome -dichromatic- cones dont fire well
29
do dogs see color?
yes, just a lot less color than us (humans)
30
what is accomodation?
when the lens changes shape (fatter vs flatter)
31
transduction
-a cell that translates the world language into the brains language -photons make light receptors into neuron signals/chemicals
32
what is myopia?
nearsighted
33
what is hypermetropia?
farsighted
34
what is astigmatism?
shape of cornea is abnormal, so it projects two images that are slightly blurry
35
aspects of hearing
-wavelength, amplitude, loudness, pitch, hertz, decibels (what it is measured in)
36
outer ear
pinna- collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal eardrum- amplifies sound by pushing bones and pushes bones on the fluid filled area which creates waves, then little hairsopen and close fluid cells
37
basilar membrane
-place theory: where does the sound end -high frequency waves: dissipates near narrow & stiff base -low frequency waves: propagate all the way to the apex
38
auditory cortex
-Primary auditory cortex * Tonotopic organization within primary auditory cortex
39
more on auditory cortex
-process complex relevant sounds (animal noises, footsteps, complex pattern of sound) -fine-tuned experience (language and music)
40
what is amnusia
not being able to match a pitch
41
kinds of deafness
1. central 2. conduction 3. sensorinueral
42
central defness
-auditory areas of brain fail to process incoming info -often due to stroke, tumor or TBI
43
conduction deafness
-not common -often due to fusing of ossicles -Sound vibrations cannot be turned into fluid displacement
44
sensorineural deafness
-Hair cells fail to respond to fluid displacement -Often due to permanent damage to hair cells
45
vestibular system
- sense of balance
46
motion sickness
-sensory conflict theory: contradictory sensory messages -Discrepancy between vestibular and visual info
47
perceptual organization
How the brain perceives a whole and in depth picture of our world
48
gestalt psychologist
study how the mind organizes sensations into perceptions
49
ambiguous figures
-the Jesus signs she showed a picture that can be interpreted in multiple ways, or that appears to oscillate between two different interpretations
50
gestalt laws
grouping principles
51
illusory contour
a perceived edge that appears between aligned luminance edges, but is not physically present in an image
52
depth perception cues
Binocular cues Monocular cues
53
binocular cues
retinal disparity -different angles coming into each eye, brain connects them, and it makes it one image convergence -(brining finger close to eye) -calculating angle
54
monocular cues
relative motion -motion parrallax -things that are closer go oppostite, further away things go in same direction (when driving) -relative height -relative size -interposition -light & shadow -linear perpective -depth cues (visual illusion)
55
know up through slide 75

general psychology (19 decks)

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