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Med Term > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are RBCs

A

Carry oxygen from lungs to cells, tissues and organs. They remove CO^2.

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2
Q

What are WBCs

A

Defend your body against infection and disease.

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3
Q

Blood platelets

A

Cell fragments to help blood clot

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4
Q

Blood cells other name

A

Solid component named formed elements

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5
Q

Plasma cells other name

A

Liquid component

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6
Q

What do blood cells consist of?

A

RBCs, WBCs and platelets

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7
Q

What are plasma cells made up of?

A

They make up more than half of your blood

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8
Q

What are the three groups of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes, RBCs, leukocytes, WBCs and thrombocytes, blood platelets.

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9
Q

Where are blood cells produced?

A

In the bone marrow, during formation proteins in the bloodstream and bone marrow help change their size and shape according to their functions

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10
Q

Blast

A

A blood cells starts out as this large immature cell, and it shrinks as it matures

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11
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Is a protein. As the red blood cells matures, hemoglobin replaces its nucleus, and it allows RBCs to transport oxygen and CO^2 throughout the blood.

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12
Q

Antigens meaning

A

Surface of RBCs, are naturally occurring. These help determine a person’s blood type.

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13
Q

Four major inherited blood types?

A

A, B, AB, O

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14
Q

What if someone has RBC’s with a B or AB blood type?

A

They have a and/or B antigens

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15
Q

Red blood cells of someone with an O blood type?

A

Do not contain antigens

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16
Q

What does it mean if a person has Rh antigen?

A

The person has a positive blood type. Lack of Rh antigen leads to a negative blood type.

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17
Q

Leukocytes main function

A

Essential role in the immune system

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18
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Aid in blood clotting. Platelets rush to injured area and begin to stick together to trap cells from escaping the tissue wall.

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19
Q

What are megakaryocytes

A

Thrombocytes, bone marrow cells with very large nuclei.

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20
Q

Hemostasis meaning

A

Slow down the flow of blood until other clotting factors come into play

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21
Q

Plasma cells contain?

A

Liquid portion of blood that contains water, hormones, sugar, salts and waste.

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22
Q

Proteins in plasma?

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen and prothrombin

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23
Q

primary function of cardiovascular system

A

Circulates oxygen rich blood throughout the body and removes CO^2.

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24
Q

What do the blood vessels do?

A

Form a closed loop of tubes and carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart.

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25
3 types of blood vessels?
Arteries, veins and capillaries
26
What do arteries do and what does it look like?
Move blood away from the heart, because of contraction the walls of an artery are thick, strong and elastic
27
what happens as arteries get away from the heart
Get smaller and smaller and branch into all areas of the body
28
Arterioles meaning
Smaller arteries that connect to capillaries
29
What are capillaries
Small so that RBCs can pass through them one at a time. In these capillaries, oxygen and CO^2 are exchanged.
30
What happens right after the O and Co^2 exchange in the capillaries?
RBCs pass through venules and head towards the heart.
31
What do veins do and look like?
Carry blood toward the heart through one way valves that direct the flow of blood, the walls of a vein and thinner and less elastic. Surrounding muscle tissues also contract to help veins force blood toward the heart.
32
what happens as veins get closer to the heart
they get bigger
33
How do veins pump blood back to the heart
One way valves that direct the flow of blood
34
What's the heart?
A hollow muscular contractile organ situated in the thoracic chest
35
What's a contractile organ
One that produces contractions, a rhythmic cycle of muscle shortening and tightening
36
What lies on either side of the heart
Right lung and left lung
37
Apex meaning
The lowest part of the exterior of the heart
38
Where is the apex
Rests on the diaphragm, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities. Location where a stethoscope can detect apical pulse.
39
What does the heart need
A blood supply
40
Fibroserous meaning
Body tissue that consists of firm layer of fibrous tissue covered by a thin watery surface
41
Pericardium
Fibroserous sac
42
Pericardial cavity
Space between pericardium and epicardium
43
Three layers of the heart
Epicardium, myocardium,endocardium
44
Epicardium description
A thin watery layer that forms the innermost layer of the pericardium, sac that surrounds the heart
45
Myocardium description
A layer of cardiac muscle that makes up the middle of the heart
46
endocardium description
The innermost layer that lines the 4 chambers and covers the valves
47
4 chambers of the heart
Right and left atrium, right and left ventricles
48
Atria
Upper chambers, receive blood from the veins
49
Ventricles
Bottom chambers, receive blood from the atria and then pump the blood into systemic circulation
50
Systemic circulation meaning
circulation in which blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body
51
Right ventricle function
Pumps blood in the lungs
52
Left ventricle function
Pumps blood to the rest of the body via aorta.
53
Septum meaning
Divides the organ into the right heart and left heart, creating a double pump
54
What happens in a double pump system
Deoxygenated blood flows from the right heart to the lungs to be oxygenated. the oxygenated blood flows to the left heart where its delivered to the body
55
Blood direction
Travels in one direction through the heart
56
Where do valves go and when do they happen?
Guide blood between the atria and ventricles and major blood vessels in pulmonary and systemic circulation
57
Atrioventricular valves
Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers in the right and left sides of the heart.
58
Tricuspid valve
The right AV valve has three flaps
59
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left AV valve has 2 flaps
60
Semilunar valves
2 of them, one situated in the aorta and other in the pulmonary artery. Called pulmonary semilunar valves and thee aortic semilunar valves. Have a set of 3 crescent shaped flaps.
61
Valves contraction
Keep blood flowing forward through the cardiac muscle. these contractions generate pressure and causes the flaps to close, preventing backflow of blood in heart. As the AV and SL valves close they make a sound which can be heard through auscultation.
62
Heart summary
Hub of CV system, provides propulsive force for circulating oxygen and nutrients rich blood to the body and eliminating CO^2 and metabolic waste.
63
Valves summary
One way valves in the heart and in the blood vessels allow blood to pump forward in one direction
64
Lungs summary
Involves in CV circulation as they coordinate the exchange of oxygen and CO^2 during breathing
65
cardiopulmonary
Functional interrelationship between the heart and lungs
66
Blood circulations types
Pulmonary, systemic and cardiac circulation
67
What happens during pulmonary circulation
Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs then back to the heart. right heart functions as pump.
68
Pulmonary circuit right atrium function
Oxygen poor blood from systemic circulation enters the right atrium through superior and inferior vena cava. Fills with blood and contractions in the atrium push blood to the right ventricle.
69
Pulmonary circuit enters the pulmonary trunk
Then the blood diverges into the right and left pulmonary arteries. These arteries branch off into arterioles and then into capillaries. These capillaries are located in the alveoli. Oxygen and CO^2 are exchanged.
70
Capillaries meaning
Small thin walled blood vessels with semipermeable membranes to allow for gas exchange
71
Left side of the heart function
In charge of systemic circulation. Process by which the heart pumps blood to all parts and systems of the body. When blood this blood returns to the heart via lungs the blood is oxygen rich. This oxygenated blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle. Upon contraction of the left ventricle. Blood is pumped into smaller arteries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the body.
72
Systemic circulation from the arteries
Blood is pumped into arterioles. These are small arterial branches that lead to the capillaries. Oxygen is then delivered to the body.
73
Systemic circulation after delivering oxygen
Blood travels into the venules. Veins carry oxygen poor blood to the heart. Then the oxygen depleted blood enters one of 2 vena cavae. Then pulmonary circulation begins.
74
superior vena cava
Receives blood from the head chest and upper extremities, empties the blood into the right atrium
75
Inferior vena cava
Receives blood from lower extremities, empties the blood into thee right atrium
76
Cardiac circulation
After blood leaves the heart and enters aorta, the aorta splits into branches including coronary arteries. the arteries split into smaller arteries and capillaries which supply the heart with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood returns back through several cardiac veins which drain in the large coronary sinus.
77
Conduction
Contractions that occur due to eh conduction of an electrical current
78
Heart rate of an adult
Between 60 and 90 BPM, average is 72 bpm
79
How is heart activity regulated
Autonomic nervous system and nodal system
80
Nodal system
Responsible for electrical current conduction in the heart.
81
Sinoatrial node
Conductions begins, located in right atrium, when electrical impulses affect the SA node the atria contract.
82
AV node
After atria contract, Electrical impulse continues at the junction of the atria and ventricle to the bundle of His and then to the right and left bundle branches in the ventricular septum.
83
Impulse termination
Purkinje fibers which line the ventricle walls. The ventricles contract.
84
Systole
Contraction of the ventricles
85
diastole
Relaxation of the ventricles
86
Blood pressure
Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery or vein.
87
Systolic number
Top number
88
Systolic pressure
measurement of BP while 2 heart ventricles are contracting
89
Diastolic number
Bottom number
90
Diastolic pressure
Measurement of BP between heartbeats
91
mmHg meaning
Millimeter of mercury is the amount of pressure it takes to raise the column of mercury by 1 millimeter
92
sphygmomanometer
instrument for measuring BP, inflates and deflates
93
Normal systolic and diastolic BP for adults
90-140 and diastolic 60-90.

Med Term (4 decks)

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