Chapter 6 Flashcards
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Results in an automatic response
Example: just smelling his girlfriends perfume makes Romeo feel happy and relaxed ( being with his girlfriend)
Unconditioned response (UCR)
Should not cause any automatic response
Example: just smelling his girlfriends perfume makes Romeo feel happy and relaxed (happy and relaxed)
conditioned stimulus (CS)
Becomes learned
Example: just smelling his girlfriends perfume makes Romeo feel happy and excited ( smell of her perfume)
Conditioned response (CR)
The feeling you have when the event happens same as UCR
Classical conditioning
Also known as Pavlovian conditioning
Learning through association (stimulus and response)
Positive punishment
Giving something unpleasant
Neutral stimulus
Does not produce any specific response or reaction in an organism
Extinction
Diminishing of conditioned response
Spontaneous recovery
Reappearance after a rest period of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization
Tendency for stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination
In classical conditioning the learned ability to distinguish between conditioned stimuli and other stimuli that do not signal a unconditioned stimulus
The law and effect
Behaviour followed by favourable consequences (reward) became more likely
Behaviours followed by unfavourable consequences (punishment) become less likely
Operant conditioning
Reward and punishment shape our behaviour
Type of learning in which behaviour is strengthened if followed by reinforced or diminished if followed by punishment
Shaping
Technique used in operant conditioning to teach complex behaviour by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired behaviour
Negative punishment
Remove something pleasant
Negative reinforcement
Strengthening a behaviour by removing or avoiding an unpleasant stimulus
Positive reinforcement
Strengthening a behaviour by adding a pleasant or rewarding stimulus
Fixed interval
Reinforced a response only after a specified time had elapsed
Response occurs more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near
Fixed ratio
Reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
Faster you respond the more rewards you get
Variable interval
Reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
Variable ratio
Reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
Like gambling or fishing
Very hard to extinguish because of unpredictability
Observational learning
Where individuals learn new behaviours, skills, or information by watching others
Negative punishment
Remove something pleasant
(Taking your phone away)
Negative reinforcement
Behaviour is strengthened by removal of avoidance of an u pleasant or aversive stimulus
