chapter 6 Flashcards by Maggie Jaglowski

what caused the massive increase in voter population in the 1828 election?

it wasn’t required to own land to vote anymore

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How did the increase in the number of elligable voters help andrew jackson’s bid for presidency?

many of the new voters were from the west and related to Jackson

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what new method of selecting presidential candidates developed in the 1830s? (NCS)

the nominating convention system

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Andrew supported the spoils system because he believed it

opened up government to more ordinary people

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what was south carolina’s reaction to the “tariff of abominations”?

South carolina threatened to secede from the Union

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How did president jackson respond to South Carolina’s declaration that the federal tariffs were null and void?

He sent a war ship to south carolina

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what was president jackson’s plan for dealing with Native Americans?

He pushed a bill through congress to move native americans to the great plains

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President Martin van Buren ordered the army to remove the Cherokee from Georgia is what is known as

the Trail of Tears

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How did president jackson ensure that the second bank of the United states was destroyed?

He removed all federal deposits and gave them to the state banks

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what political party emerged in opposition to president jackson?

the whigs

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suffrage

the right to vote

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spoils system

the practice of handing out government jobs to supporters; replacing gov employees with the winning candidate’s supporters - basically incentive for the supporters to keep working for said candidate

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caucus system

a system in which members of a political party meet to choose their party’s candidate for president; can also decide policies

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secede

leave or withdraw

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nativism

hostility towards immigrants

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utopia

a community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers

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romanticism

a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement in the late 1700s and early 1800s emphasizing imagination, emotions, and the individual above society

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transcendentalism

a philosophy stressing the relationship between human beings and nature, spiritualism over materialism, and the importance of the individual conscience

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what caused the massive influx of Irish immigrants to the US in the early 1800s?

THE GREAT POTATO FAMINE

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what caused the German immigration to the US in the early 1800s?

political turmoil and violence in Germany

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What was a key difference between the German and Irish immigrants of the 1800s?

The Germans had more money and they had more skills

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The large wave of mostly Catholic Irish and German immigrants led to the formation of what party

Know-Nothing Party

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The resurgence in Protestant religious fervor in the US in the early 1800s was called

The second great awakening

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The 2nd great awakening spread its message largely through

revivals

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What was the central message of ministers during the second great awakening?

that all people could attain salvation

Some people in the 1800s attempted to create ideal and uncorrupt human societies called

utopias

Among the elements of the Romantic Movement was to promote

spirituality

What was the primary message of transcendentalist writers?

that individuals must overcome their limitations and embrace the universe

t/f there was lots of opposition of cherokee removal

true

What happened in Worchester v. Georgia

Samuel Worchester was living on Cherokee land without a permit from the state. Chief Justice John Marshall said Georgia cannot do anything to the Cherokee because they are their own little territory. Jackson says fck that, they gotta go, and ignores the supreme court decision

What happened in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)?

Chief Justice John Marshall said the Cherokee can't sue Georgia because they are a dependent nation to america

temperance

moderation or abstinence from drinking alcohol

benevolent society

an association focusing on spreading the word of God and combating social problems

penitentiary

a prison that reforms criminals

What social movement helped create a desire in individuals to reform society?

The second great awakening

_______ was a schoolteacher who became an advocate for people who were mentally ill.

Dorthea Dix

What class worked toward reformation the most and why?

middle class because they have money, time, and desire

How did the treatment of people with mental illness improve in the mid-1800s?

Many states created special instruction for the care of people with mental illness

______ sprang up in cities and towns in order to evangelize and address social problems

Benevolent societies

What social problem did the temperance movement attempt to address?

alcoholism

The increase in the of penitentiaries for prisoners emphasized the belief that criminals

could be reformed

Horace Mann worked to establish

a public education system

what shift in american society spurred the beginning of the women's movement?

the movement of work from farms to factories

The idea that women should be solely responsible for developing their child's characters was embodied in the idea of

true womanhood

Margret Fuller advocated the idea that, if men and women are treated equally, it would

improve society

who is the father of transcendentalism?

Ralph Waldo Emerson

gradualism

the theory that slavery should be ended gradually

abolitionism

the immediate end of slavery

emancipation

freeing somebody (slaves)

what reform movement of the 1800s became the most divisive to American society?

abolition

The antislavery movement, known as gradualism, advocated a way of ending slavery that would

allow the Southern economy to adjust to the chance better

What was the purpose of the American Colonization Society?

to relocate enslaved people who had been freed to Africa

What was the major abolitionist organization of the mid-1800s?

the American Anti-Slavery Society

Which famous abolitionist created "the liberator", in which he spread his ideas?

william lloyd garrison

In 1836 all abolitionist petitions were shelved without debate because, under Southern pressure, the House of Representatives passed what

a gag rule

Prominent abolitionist leader who had escaped slavery:

frederick douglass

Escaped slavery and became a spokesperson for both abolition and women's rights:

Sojourner Truth

What best describes the Northern response to the abolitionist movement?

While most Northerns did not approve of slavery, they feared the consequences of the abolitionist movement

what was the southern response to the abolitionist movement?

Many states banned abolitionist materials

difference between ACS and AASS

ACS wants to deport African Americans and the AASS was a huge abolitionist group

what due process makes slavery illegal?

the civil war

was emancipation constitutional before the 13th amendment?

no, because you cannot take away property without compensation

Party where some guys want abolition through political means? They ran for president

the Liberty Party

headquarters of abolitionist movement

Boston Massachussetts

Harriet Tubman's capture bounty:

~40,000 dollars

What is the golden standard? hint: bank

You can walk into a bank and exchange paper money for the same amount in gold

what do the national republicans become?

the whigs

What kind of sick was Andrew Jackson?

He had a lead bullet stuck in his chest near his heart and the lead was leaking into his bloodstream and slowly killing him

What supreme court case classified blacks as property and not citizens?

Dred Scott case

what did they call people leading escaping slaves north?

conductors

Slacery was a more political and _________ issue rather than moral

economical

Articel I, Section 9, stated that ______ couldn't make a law before 1808 to stop the importation of slaves

congress

What was a driver

a black that would oversee a plantation and whip slaves when necessary

Who did senator Preston Brooks of South Carolina beat with his cane because of his speech against slavery?

Charles Sumner

What country started the African slave trade

Portugal

What English sea dog started a direct slave trade between Africa and the West Indies?

John Hawkins

An abolitionist who tried to arm slaves in Virginia

John Brown

The constitution refered to slaves as what?

such persons, other persons, persons, etc

What law in the Compromise of 1850 stated that runaway slaves had to be returned to their owners?

fugitive slave law

How many times faster did the cotton gin make cotton production

How high could congress tax a slave?

$10

The south threatened to do what if California was made a free state? why?

secede because it would upset the balance between free and slave states

What replaced the Missouri compromise in 1850?

the compromise of 1850

What compromise stated that a black man was a certain percent of a white man?

3/5 compromise

what did free blacks have to carry around to show that they weren't slaves?

badges

gin is short for

engine

what is sojourner truth's real name?

Isabella Baumfrey

What is Popular sovereignty? it was in the Kansas-Nebraska Act

voters in the new Kansas-Nebraska territories would determine whether they wanted to be a slave or free territory

Who negotiated the compromise of 1850 and the 3/5 compromise

henry clay

the name given to homes or businesses that hid escaped slaves during the day

stations

cheif justice of the supreme court in the 1850s

Roger Taney

nicholas biddle

former PA senator, involved with second ntl bank

the 3 main utopian societies (that obvi failed)

Oneida, New Harmony, Brook Farm

peggy o'neal

Petticoat affair; wife of secretary of war John Eaton, was made fun of by other cabinet wives (specifically the Calhouns) for being a ho and also for the 22 year age gap between her and her huzz

Ralph waldo emerson (yoda)

father of transcendentalism, wrote in a journal while living in an isolated nature cabin; it was about how he felt being surrounded by nature all the time

margret fuller

women's rights advocate, wrote Woman in the Nineteenth Century, a book inspiring women to seek education and go outside their boundaries

henry david thoreau

basically the same as emerson but he wrote the Walden, still the same ideas as Emerson's nature essays

george ripley

transcendentalist who tried forming a utopian society called Brook Farm

herman melville

wrote Moby Dick

Charles Finney

second great awakening, father of revivals, went to school (Oneida Institute) with black and white men