Chapter 6 Flashcards
(26 cards)
growth rate of a population, calculated as the natural increase after adjusting for immigration and emigration
rate of population increase
excess of persons migrating into a country over those who emigrate from that country
net international migration
difference between birth rate and death rate
natural increase
number of children born alive each year per 1,000 population
Crude birth rate (birth rate)
number of deaths each year per 1,000 population
death rate
number for children that would be bord to a woman if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children in accordance with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates
Total Fertility Rates (TFR)
the number of years a newborn would live if subjected to the mortality risks prevailing for the population at the time of the child’s birth
life expectancy at birth
deaths among children between birth and 5 years of age per 1,000 births
under-5 mortality rate
the proportion of young people under age 15 to the working population aged 16 to 64 in a country
youth dependency ratio
phenomenon whereby population continues to increase even after a fall in birth rates because the large existing youthful population expands the population’s base of potential parents
hidden momentum of population growth
Graphic depiction of the age structure of the population, with age cohorts plotted on the vertical axis and either population shares or numbers of males and females in each cohort on the horizontal axis
population pyramid
phasing-out process of population growth rates from a virtually stagnant growth stage, characterized by high birth rates and death rates through a rapid-growth stage with high birth rates and low death rates to a stable, low-growth stage in which both birth and death rates are low
Demographic Transition
Stages of Demographic Transition
Stage I – high birthrates and death rates
Stage II – continued high birthrates, declining death rates
Stage III – falling birthrates and death rates, eventually stabilizing
number of births per woman that would result in stable population levels
replacement fertility
the idea that rising population and diminishing returns to fixed factors result in low levels of living; life-sustaining resources would be insufficient
Malthusian Population Trap
family formation has costs and benefits that determine the size of families formed
Microeconomic Household Theory of Fertility
The yearly number of children born alive per 1,000 women within the childbearing age bracket
Fertility Rate
Period that a given population takes to increase by its present size.
Doubling Time
Public programs designed to help parents plan and regulate their family size in accordance with their ability to support a family.
Family Planning Programs
An extension of the theory of consumer behavior of individual couples. The central proposition of this theory is that family formation has costs and benefits and hence the size of families formed will depend on these costs and benefits.
Microeconomic Theory of Fertility
Real or monetary wages or profits that a woman sacrifices by deciding to stay home and raise children instead of working for a wage or engaging in profit-making self-employment activities.
opportunity cost of a woman’s time
The emigration of highly educated and skilled professional and technical manpower from the developing to the developed countries
brain drain
Theory to explain how poverty and high population growth become reinforcing.
Population-poverty cycle
Argument that women should be able to determine on an equal status with their husbands and for themselves how many children they want and what methods to use to achieve their desired family size.
reproductive choice
