Chapter 8 Flashcards
(29 cards)
basic objectives of development
Education and Health
the ability to read and write
Literacy
productive investments embodied in human persons, including skills, abilities, ideals, health, and locations, often resulting from expenditures on education, on-the-job training programs, and medical care
Human Capital
In present-value calculations, the annual rate at which future values are decreased to make them comparable to values in the present
Discount Rate
a household with sufficiently high income would not send its children to work
Luxury Axiom
costs that accrue to an individual economic unit
Private Costs
costs borne by both the individual and society from private education decisions, including government education subsidies
Social Costs of Education
adult and child labor are substitutes, in which the quantity of output by a child is a given fraction of that of an adult
Substitution Axiom
either under the minimum age for work or above that age and engaged in work that poses a threat to their health, safety, or morals, or are subject to conditions of forced labor; may be modeled through “multiple equilibria” approach
Child Labor
Approaches to Child Labor Policy
1.) MDG
2.) a traditional World Bank approach
3.) UNICEF approach
4.) Ban child labor
5.) Activist approach
welfare benefits provided conditionally based on family behavior, such as children’s regular school attendance and health clinic visitations
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Programs
male-female differences in school access and completion
Educational Gender Gap
Consequences of gender bias in health and education
Economic incentives and their cultural setting
“Missing Women” mystery in Asia
the benefits that accrue directly to an individual economic unit
private benefits
the phenomenon by which particular jobs require specified levels of education
educational certification
virus that causes the AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Benefits of the schooling of individuals, including those that accrue to others or even to the entire society, such as the benefits of a more literate workforce and citizenry
social benefits of education
demand for a good that emerges indirectly from demand for another good
derived demand
attainment of literacy, arithmetic competence, and elementary vocational skills
basic education
the key UN agency concerned with global health matters
World Health Organization (WHO)
viral disease transmitted predominantly through sexual contact
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
an alternative measure of health promoted by the WHO to help quantify the burden of disease from morbidity as well as from mortality
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs)
great variability in the performance of health systems at each country’s average income level
Health Systems Policy
all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, or maintain health
Health System
